B2 - Cell Division Flashcards
Nucleus
Where the genetic material is found in cells
Chromosomes
Long structure made of DNA containing many genes
Genes
A section of DNA that code for a protien. It can determine characteristics
DNA
The chemical that chromosomes are made of
Cell cycle
The three stage process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells
What is cell division needed for
- Growth
- Repair
- Asexual Reproduction
- Replacement of cells
Stage 1 of cell cycle
-The cell grows
- Number of sub cellular structures increases (mitochondria and ribosomes)
- DNA duplicates
Stage 2
Called Mitosis
- The chromosomes become thicker
- They line up in the middle of the cell
- One half of each chromosomes is pulled to each end
- Two new nuclei are formed
Stage 3
Called Cytokinesis
- The cytoplasm and cell membrane divides
- Two new genetically identical daughter cells are formed
Differentiate
The process where cell become specialised for a particular function
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cell that can produce specialised cells or more stem cells
Embryonic Stem Cells
Stems cells from an early embryo that can differentiate in to all cells
Adult Stem Cells
Undifferentiated stem cells that can differentiate into limited number cells
Meristem cells
Plant cells that can differentiate into all cells throughout the plants life
Cloning
The production of identical off spring through a sexual reproduction
