B1a - Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the genetic material and controls the cells activity

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2
Q

Mitochondria

A

Where aerobic respiration takes place which releases energy from food

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3
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where protein synthesis takes place

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4
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what enters and leaves a cell

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5
Q

Cellulose

A

The strong substance that plant and algal cell walls are made from

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The liquid part of a cell where many essential reactions take place

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7
Q

Chloroplast

A

Where photosynthesis takes place, which makes glucose

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8
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The green chemical in chloroplast which is needed to absorb light energy

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9
Q

Permanent Vacuole

A

Filled with cell sap. Used for storage and support

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10
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Cell which have the genetic material in a nucleus eg. plants and animal

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11
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Cells which do not have their genetic material in a nucleus eg. bacterial cells

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12
Q

Magnification

A

How many times bigger an object appears compared to its actual size

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13
Q

Resolving Power

A

The ability to distinguish between object close together and see in greater detail

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14
Q

Flagella

A

These allow cells to move/swim

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15
Q

Plasmid

A

Small loops of DNA that contain a small number of genes

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16
Q

Specialised cell

A

A cell that has features that allow it to carry out a particular function

17
Q

Root hair cell function

A

To absorb minerals

18
Q

Root hair cell adapt.

A
  • Large surface area
  • Many mitochondria to transfer energy needed for mineral transport
19
Q

Xylem cell function

A

To carry water and minerals ions from the roots - supports the plant

20
Q

Xylem Cell adapt.

A
  • The walls thicken with lignin and when the cells die they become hollow
  • The lignin spirals strength the walls and supports the cell
21
Q

Phloem Cell function

A

Carry sugar and amino acids around the plant

22
Q

Phloem Cell adapt.

A
  • the cell wall breakdown to form sieves plate which allow sugar dissolved in water to move freely
  • have little sub cellular structure and rely on companion cells which have many mitochondria to transfer energy need to load sugar into the vessels
23
Q

Sperm Cell function

A

To carry male genetic material to the egg

24
Q

Sperm Cell adapt

A
  • The nucleus is filled with genetic material
  • has a long tail to swim fast
  • many mitochondria to transfer energy needed for the tail to work
  • The acrosomes store enzyme to breakdown the outer layer of the egg
25
Q

Nerve Cell function

A

To carry electrical impulses around the body. Provide rapid communication between body parts

26
Q

Nerve Cell Adapt.

A
  • Axon covered in a fatty sheath which increases the speed of electrical impulses
  • Axons are very long to carry the impulses far
  • Lots of dendrites to make connections with other cells
27
Q

Muscle Cell function

A

To contract and relax intern moving muscles

28
Q

Muscle Cell Adapt.

A
  • Many mitochondria to transfer energy required to contract
  • special fibres that slide over eachother making muscle fibres contract
  • store glycogen which can be used for cellular respiration