B2 Flashcards
Is new detergent more environmentally friendly (2)
YesLess heat wastedConserves fuel suppliesLess co2 emissions
What affected by cystic fibrosis (1)
Cell membranes
Why people embryo screening (1)
Reduce health care cost
Why people against embryo screening (1)
Potential harm to embryo
Battery chickens produce more eggs than free range why (1)
Less movementLess heat loss
Animals raised for food usually herbivores not carnivore why (2)
Less step in food chainLess loss of biomassCheaper to feed herbivore
What does cell use code in genes for (2)
To combine a aIn specific orderTo manufacture enzymes
Only half child fingerprint natch mum why (2)
Due to meiosisEgg only contain half of DNA sperm contain other half
Which organ monitors blood glucose con (1)
Pancreas
Enzyme digest protein (1)
Protease
Evaluate use of dogs in experiments (3)
No experiment on humanDig sim to humanAllow us find treatmentCruelDogs may not be like humans
What growers need to consider before makind decisions about growing conditions (2)
Cost of providing conditionsEffect of treatment on profitLimiting factors
Nitrate magnesium ion function in plants and deficiency symptoms (4)
N produce a aStunted growthM produce chlorophyllYellow leaves
Photosynthesis equation
CO2+H2O light energy glucose+O2
One source of CO2 for plant (1)
Respiration in plant
2 independent variables in investigation (2)
Light intensityLeaf colour
Why no starch under card (1)
Dark no photo
Why no starch in white bit (1)
No chlorophyll
2 factors should investigate before deciding (2)
Effect of temppH
Many biological detergents cannot be used at high temp why (1)
Enzyme denatured
Embryo screening (1)
Embryo tested for particular allele
One allele in 30 is cystic fibrosis but only in 900 has CF why (2)
CF recessive alleleNeed 2 to get CF
Movement of chloride ions cause water to pass out of cells into mucus why (3)
DiffusionMore concentrated solution outside cellWater move from dilute to more con solutionPartially permeable membrane
What part of lung cells manufacture protein in mucus (1)
Ribosomes
Name enzyme that digests fats (1)
Lipase
What happens to insoluble starch (1)
Stored for later use
Controlled variables (2)
CO2 conpHSize plant
2 measurements to calculate RoP (2)
No of bubblesPer min
Why lactase not normally oroduced in stmach (2)
Stomach acidicLactase works best in high pH
How bike help digestion of milk (2)
Emulsifies fat, broken up into droplets so greater saEnzymes work better
Why even no of chromosomes (1)
Come in pairs
Function of DNA (2)
Combination of aaForm particular proteinsCode
Why mitosis important (1)
For growth/repair
Why cell swell in water (3)
Water enters cellBy diffusionThrough partially permeable membrane
What structure prevent dell bursting (1)
Cell wall
Control variable (1) lipase
Same volume
Lipase solution and lipid kept separately in water bath before mixing why (1)
So lipase and lipid reach right temp
2 ways improve investigation (2)
Test more regularlyAt smaller time intervals
Lipase breaks down lipid into what (1)
Fatty acids and glycerol
How mitochondria help sperm travel to egg (1)
Releases energy
Why nucleus of sperm diff from body (1)
Contains half no of chromosomes
Why stem cells from embryos used to treat disease (2)
UnspecialisedCan for, other types of cellsCan multiply
Effect on O2 if white lear used (2)
FallUsed for respiration
Why when white leaf turn green better (2)
More chloroplastsAllow more photo
Why no not match expected (1)
Small numbers not representative
Why mendels work not recognised (1)
Gene not discovered
Athlete A or B (4)
AMore glycogenMore energy releasedGlycogen used in respirationMore energy used for movement
Function of ribosomes (1)
Protein synthesis
Diff between plant and bacterial cell (1)
Plants have chloroplasts
Why bacterial cell not contain mitochondria (1)
Too smallSame size as mitochondria
How use a quadrat and tape (6)
Use tape measure to produce transectPlace quadratPlace transect across streamScore presence of each plant speciesPlace quadrat at regular intervals along tapeRepeat transect several timesAlong streamAt random
What happens to genetic material before divides (1)
Doubles
Why sexual reproduction produces new variety of onion (3)
Fertilisation occursLeading to mixing of genetic infoOne copy of each allele from each parent
Leaf discs not produce oxygen in dark why (1)
Light needed for photo
Leaf disks took in oxygen in dark why (1)
O2 needed for respiration
Why farmer not heat greenhouse above 35 C (3)
Above 35 little increase in rateSo waste of moneyRespiration rate higher above 35So respiration reduces effect of photo
How do fossils provide evidence for evolution (3)
Fossil is organism lived long time agoSimpler than present day speciesSimilar features to present day species
Suggest explanation for development of new species (6)
IsolationBy geographical barrierVariationDiff environmental conditionsNatural selection select diff characteristicsFavourable alleles passed on in each populationDifferences lead to inability to successfully interbreed
Allele (1)
Forms of the same gene
Recessive (1)
Only expressed if 2 copies inherited
2 tissues in leaf that transport substances around plant (1)
Xylem phloem
Diffusion (2)
Movement of particlesFrom high to low con
One gas diffuse out of leaf in sunny day (1)
Oxygen
How student decide where to place quadrat (2)
RandomlyRandom no
Factor account for distribution of plant (1)
NutrientsMinerals
Enzyme where producedProducts of digestionOther chemicals (6)Fat
Mechanical breakdown in mouthLipase breaks fate into fatty acids and glycerolProduced by pancreas and small intestineFat digestion occurs in smallLiver produce bileNeutralise acid from stomachProduce alkaline condition in smallEmulsificationProducts absorbed by small
How anaerobic diff in yeast from human (1)
Yeast makes alcohol
Factor affect RoP not light (5)
CO2 conAs it rises rate rises then levelsIncreases when CO2 is limiting levels when another factor limitingTempAs it increases rate rises then fallsIncreases as RoR increase fall denatured
How change in DNA result in enzyme not work (3)
Sequence of a a differentEnzyme diff shapeSo substrate not fit into enzymes
Hoe many chromosomes in nucleus of human nerve cell (1)
46
2 advantages of using isomerase in column of beads (2)
Enzyme can be reusedMore stableProduct pure
Why use fructose not glucose (2)
Less f needed for same sweetnessLess f less fattening
How chromosome become 2 strands (1)
DNA replicates
Why offspring cannot reproduce (2)
Contain odd no of each chromosomeSome chromosomes cannot pair in meiosisGametes not formed
Why chromosome become 2 strands before cell divides (2)
One copy of each chromosome to each offspring cellEach offspring cell receives same genetic material
Cell division produces gametes (2)
Meiosis
How student obtain sample (1)
Random selection
2 enzymes produced by pancreas (2)
ProteaseLipaseCarbohydrase
How bile affects digestion of food in small (2)
Neutralises acidEnzymes work more effectivelyEmulsifies fatLarger sa
Gallstones produce pale faeces and jaundice (4)
Bile not get into faecesPigment deposited on skin
Why magnesium not limiting factor (1)
Same amount of grain produced when more mag provided
Why magnesium affect yield (2)
Mag used for chlorophyll productionFor photo
Why not add more mag (1)
Not cost effective
Why less light passes through mixture when starch more concentrated (1)
Opaque
Enzyme shich convert glucose into fructose (1)
Isomerase
One way grower could increase yield (1)
Increase tempLight
What is small section of DNA (1)
Gene
Aa cannot be stored what happens to excess (3)
Aa broken downFormed in ureaWhich formed in liverFiltered by kidneyIn urineStored in bladder
Why discs float (1)
O2 produced
Why helpful,take 5 eggs rather than 1 (1)
Greater chance of fertilisation
Evaluate embryo screening (4)
Greater chance having child without CfExpensive bring upCF not passed through generationsEmbryo KilledPossible damage to embryo
Where amylase produced(3)
Salivary glandsPancreasSmall
Why amylase and starch left in water bath before mixed (2)
So come to temp of water bathNear body temp optimum temp
Why light pass through mot change (1)
All starch digested
Why better to count bubbles very min than all in 3 min (1)
Improve reliability
Why doctors expect half embryo female (2)
Half sperm have X and half Y chromosomeAll eggs X
Why not use higher temp enzymes (2)
DenaturedShape not fit stain
How someone can be carrier of CF (2)
CF allele recessiveCarrier only one CF gene
Why only need one parent have HD for child to get (1)
HD dominant allele
How make sure heat from la,p not affect RoP (1)
Water bath
Describe structure of leaf and function of tissues (6)
Epidermis cover plant, no chloroplasts allow light penetrateMesophyll photosynthesisePhloem xylem transportCuticle decrease water lossStomata guard cell allow CO2 in O2 out control water lossPalisade many chloroplasts trap light near to of leaf to receive more lightSpongy air spaces for rapid movement of gases
Effect trypsin has in baby food (2)
Break down foodForm protein into aaRunnier
One use of enzyme in industry (2)
Carbohydrase starch into sugar make syrupLipase fats into fatty acids removal of grease stainsIsomerase glucose into fructose slimming foods
How ribosomes and mitochondria help cell make enzymes (3)
Ribosomes make proteinsUsing aaMitochondria provide energy for process
Why important gametes have half chromosomes (2)
FertilisationOriginal no 46
How sample valid (2)
QuadratRandomly placed
Wh more light increase RoP (2)
More energy availableFor growth
Dominant allele (1)
Allele expressed even when other allele present (1)
Advantage stem cell from adult cell (1)
From self no rejectionSkin cell more accessible
Product of protein digestion (1)
Aa
What enzyme digests protein (1)
Protease
How get more accurate value of pH (2)
RepeatUsing smaller intervals between pH 1 and 3
Why no change of length enzyme (2)
DenaturedCannot fit substrate
Acid in stomach (1)
Hydrochloric
Importance diffusion in animals and plants Examples (6)
ITake in substances for use in cell processesProducts from cell processes removedERespiration O2 in Co2 outPhoto vice versaFood molecules absorbed glucose aaWater absorption large and rootsWater lost from leavesMineral ions absorbed by rootsDescriptionMovement of particlesThrough partially permeable membraneDown con gradient
Process make lactic acid (1)
Anaerobic
Why more lactic acid needed when run faster (3)
More energy neededNot enough O2 can be supplied to musclesSo more anaerobic to supply extra energy
Why advantage to give ions in plants (1)
Can supply correct nutrients
How put bubbles in ion solution help roots stay alive (3)
Provide O2 For aerobicWhich supplies energy for roots
Why regular intervals not random (2)
To get data about position of seaweedIn relation to distance from sea
How improve to ensure validity (2)
Repeat several timesElsewhere along shore
How floating increase survive (2)
Gets more oughtFor photo
Fertilised egg form embryo by what cell division (1)
Mitosis
Genetic material made up of large molecules of what chemical substance (1)
DNA
Why soft bodies make it hard for scientists (2)
Lack of fossilsSoft parts decay
Reasons why did not mate (2)
Not attractiveNt mating seasonSame sex
Species (2)
Organisms that can interbreedSuccessfully
Where aerobic happen (1)
Mitochondria
