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B2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is new detergent more environmentally friendly (2)

A

YesLess heat wastedConserves fuel suppliesLess co2 emissions

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2
Q

What affected by cystic fibrosis (1)

A

Cell membranes

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3
Q

Why people embryo screening (1)

A

Reduce health care cost

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4
Q

Why people against embryo screening (1)

A

Potential harm to embryo

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5
Q

Battery chickens produce more eggs than free range why (1)

A

Less movementLess heat loss

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6
Q

Animals raised for food usually herbivores not carnivore why (2)

A

Less step in food chainLess loss of biomassCheaper to feed herbivore

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7
Q

What does cell use code in genes for (2)

A

To combine a aIn specific orderTo manufacture enzymes

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8
Q

Only half child fingerprint natch mum why (2)

A

Due to meiosisEgg only contain half of DNA sperm contain other half

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9
Q

Which organ monitors blood glucose con (1)

A

Pancreas

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10
Q

Enzyme digest protein (1)

A

Protease

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11
Q

Evaluate use of dogs in experiments (3)

A

No experiment on humanDig sim to humanAllow us find treatmentCruelDogs may not be like humans

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12
Q

What growers need to consider before makind decisions about growing conditions (2)

A

Cost of providing conditionsEffect of treatment on profitLimiting factors

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13
Q

Nitrate magnesium ion function in plants and deficiency symptoms (4)

A

N produce a aStunted growthM produce chlorophyllYellow leaves

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14
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

CO2+H2O light energy glucose+O2

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15
Q

One source of CO2 for plant (1)

A

Respiration in plant

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16
Q

2 independent variables in investigation (2)

A

Light intensityLeaf colour

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17
Q

Why no starch under card (1)

A

Dark no photo

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18
Q

Why no starch in white bit (1)

A

No chlorophyll

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19
Q

2 factors should investigate before deciding (2)

A

Effect of temppH

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20
Q

Many biological detergents cannot be used at high temp why (1)

A

Enzyme denatured

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21
Q

Embryo screening (1)

A

Embryo tested for particular allele

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22
Q

One allele in 30 is cystic fibrosis but only in 900 has CF why (2)

A

CF recessive alleleNeed 2 to get CF

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23
Q

Movement of chloride ions cause water to pass out of cells into mucus why (3)

A

DiffusionMore concentrated solution outside cellWater move from dilute to more con solutionPartially permeable membrane

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24
Q

What part of lung cells manufacture protein in mucus (1)

A

Ribosomes

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25
Q

Name enzyme that digests fats (1)

A

Lipase

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26
Q

What happens to insoluble starch (1)

A

Stored for later use

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27
Q

Controlled variables (2)

A

CO2 conpHSize plant

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28
Q

2 measurements to calculate RoP (2)

A

No of bubblesPer min

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29
Q

Why lactase not normally oroduced in stmach (2)

A

Stomach acidicLactase works best in high pH

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30
Q

How bike help digestion of milk (2)

A

Emulsifies fat, broken up into droplets so greater saEnzymes work better

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31
Q

Why even no of chromosomes (1)

A

Come in pairs

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32
Q

Function of DNA (2)

A

Combination of aaForm particular proteinsCode

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33
Q

Why mitosis important (1)

A

For growth/repair

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34
Q

Why cell swell in water (3)

A

Water enters cellBy diffusionThrough partially permeable membrane

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35
Q

What structure prevent dell bursting (1)

A

Cell wall

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36
Q

Control variable (1) lipase

A

Same volume

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37
Q

Lipase solution and lipid kept separately in water bath before mixing why (1)

A

So lipase and lipid reach right temp

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38
Q

2 ways improve investigation (2)

A

Test more regularlyAt smaller time intervals

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39
Q

Lipase breaks down lipid into what (1)

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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40
Q

How mitochondria help sperm travel to egg (1)

A

Releases energy

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41
Q

Why nucleus of sperm diff from body (1)

A

Contains half no of chromosomes

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42
Q

Why stem cells from embryos used to treat disease (2)

A

UnspecialisedCan for, other types of cellsCan multiply

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43
Q

Effect on O2 if white lear used (2)

A

FallUsed for respiration

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44
Q

Why when white leaf turn green better (2)

A

More chloroplastsAllow more photo

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45
Q

Why no not match expected (1)

A

Small numbers not representative

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46
Q

Why mendels work not recognised (1)

A

Gene not discovered

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47
Q

Athlete A or B (4)

A

AMore glycogenMore energy releasedGlycogen used in respirationMore energy used for movement

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48
Q

Function of ribosomes (1)

A

Protein synthesis

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49
Q

Diff between plant and bacterial cell (1)

A

Plants have chloroplasts

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50
Q

Why bacterial cell not contain mitochondria (1)

A

Too smallSame size as mitochondria

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51
Q

How use a quadrat and tape (6)

A

Use tape measure to produce transectPlace quadratPlace transect across streamScore presence of each plant speciesPlace quadrat at regular intervals along tapeRepeat transect several timesAlong streamAt random

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52
Q

What happens to genetic material before divides (1)

A

Doubles

53
Q

Why sexual reproduction produces new variety of onion (3)

A

Fertilisation occursLeading to mixing of genetic infoOne copy of each allele from each parent

54
Q

Leaf discs not produce oxygen in dark why (1)

A

Light needed for photo

55
Q

Leaf disks took in oxygen in dark why (1)

A

O2 needed for respiration

56
Q

Why farmer not heat greenhouse above 35 C (3)

A

Above 35 little increase in rateSo waste of moneyRespiration rate higher above 35So respiration reduces effect of photo

57
Q

How do fossils provide evidence for evolution (3)

A

Fossil is organism lived long time agoSimpler than present day speciesSimilar features to present day species

58
Q

Suggest explanation for development of new species (6)

A

IsolationBy geographical barrierVariationDiff environmental conditionsNatural selection select diff characteristicsFavourable alleles passed on in each populationDifferences lead to inability to successfully interbreed

59
Q

Allele (1)

A

Forms of the same gene

60
Q

Recessive (1)

A

Only expressed if 2 copies inherited

61
Q

2 tissues in leaf that transport substances around plant (1)

A

Xylem phloem

62
Q

Diffusion (2)

A

Movement of particlesFrom high to low con

63
Q

One gas diffuse out of leaf in sunny day (1)

A

Oxygen

64
Q

How student decide where to place quadrat (2)

A

RandomlyRandom no

65
Q

Factor account for distribution of plant (1)

A

NutrientsMinerals

66
Q

Enzyme where producedProducts of digestionOther chemicals (6)Fat

A

Mechanical breakdown in mouthLipase breaks fate into fatty acids and glycerolProduced by pancreas and small intestineFat digestion occurs in smallLiver produce bileNeutralise acid from stomachProduce alkaline condition in smallEmulsificationProducts absorbed by small

67
Q

How anaerobic diff in yeast from human (1)

A

Yeast makes alcohol

68
Q

Factor affect RoP not light (5)

A

CO2 conAs it rises rate rises then levelsIncreases when CO2 is limiting levels when another factor limitingTempAs it increases rate rises then fallsIncreases as RoR increase fall denatured

69
Q

How change in DNA result in enzyme not work (3)

A

Sequence of a a differentEnzyme diff shapeSo substrate not fit into enzymes

70
Q

Hoe many chromosomes in nucleus of human nerve cell (1)

A

46

71
Q

2 advantages of using isomerase in column of beads (2)

A

Enzyme can be reusedMore stableProduct pure

72
Q

Why use fructose not glucose (2)

A

Less f needed for same sweetnessLess f less fattening

73
Q

How chromosome become 2 strands (1)

A

DNA replicates

74
Q

Why offspring cannot reproduce (2)

A

Contain odd no of each chromosomeSome chromosomes cannot pair in meiosisGametes not formed

75
Q

Why chromosome become 2 strands before cell divides (2)

A

One copy of each chromosome to each offspring cellEach offspring cell receives same genetic material

76
Q

Cell division produces gametes (2)

A

Meiosis

77
Q

How student obtain sample (1)

A

Random selection

78
Q

2 enzymes produced by pancreas (2)

A

ProteaseLipaseCarbohydrase

79
Q

How bile affects digestion of food in small (2)

A

Neutralises acidEnzymes work more effectivelyEmulsifies fatLarger sa

80
Q

Gallstones produce pale faeces and jaundice (4)

A

Bile not get into faecesPigment deposited on skin

81
Q

Why magnesium not limiting factor (1)

A

Same amount of grain produced when more mag provided

82
Q

Why magnesium affect yield (2)

A

Mag used for chlorophyll productionFor photo

83
Q

Why not add more mag (1)

A

Not cost effective

84
Q

Why less light passes through mixture when starch more concentrated (1)

A

Opaque

85
Q

Enzyme shich convert glucose into fructose (1)

A

Isomerase

86
Q

One way grower could increase yield (1)

A

Increase tempLight

87
Q

What is small section of DNA (1)

A

Gene

88
Q

Aa cannot be stored what happens to excess (3)

A

Aa broken downFormed in ureaWhich formed in liverFiltered by kidneyIn urineStored in bladder

89
Q

Why discs float (1)

A

O2 produced

90
Q

Why helpful,take 5 eggs rather than 1 (1)

A

Greater chance of fertilisation

91
Q

Evaluate embryo screening (4)

A

Greater chance having child without CfExpensive bring upCF not passed through generationsEmbryo KilledPossible damage to embryo

92
Q

Where amylase produced(3)

A

Salivary glandsPancreasSmall

93
Q

Why amylase and starch left in water bath before mixed (2)

A

So come to temp of water bathNear body temp optimum temp

94
Q

Why light pass through mot change (1)

A

All starch digested

95
Q

Why better to count bubbles very min than all in 3 min (1)

A

Improve reliability

96
Q

Why doctors expect half embryo female (2)

A

Half sperm have X and half Y chromosomeAll eggs X

97
Q

Why not use higher temp enzymes (2)

A

DenaturedShape not fit stain

98
Q

How someone can be carrier of CF (2)

A

CF allele recessiveCarrier only one CF gene

99
Q

Why only need one parent have HD for child to get (1)

A

HD dominant allele

100
Q

How make sure heat from la,p not affect RoP (1)

A

Water bath

101
Q

Describe structure of leaf and function of tissues (6)

A

Epidermis cover plant, no chloroplasts allow light penetrateMesophyll photosynthesisePhloem xylem transportCuticle decrease water lossStomata guard cell allow CO2 in O2 out control water lossPalisade many chloroplasts trap light near to of leaf to receive more lightSpongy air spaces for rapid movement of gases

102
Q

Effect trypsin has in baby food (2)

A

Break down foodForm protein into aaRunnier

103
Q

One use of enzyme in industry (2)

A

Carbohydrase starch into sugar make syrupLipase fats into fatty acids removal of grease stainsIsomerase glucose into fructose slimming foods

104
Q

How ribosomes and mitochondria help cell make enzymes (3)

A

Ribosomes make proteinsUsing aaMitochondria provide energy for process

105
Q

Why important gametes have half chromosomes (2)

A

FertilisationOriginal no 46

106
Q

How sample valid (2)

A

QuadratRandomly placed

107
Q

Wh more light increase RoP (2)

A

More energy availableFor growth

108
Q

Dominant allele (1)

A

Allele expressed even when other allele present (1)

109
Q

Advantage stem cell from adult cell (1)

A

From self no rejectionSkin cell more accessible

110
Q

Product of protein digestion (1)

A

Aa

111
Q

What enzyme digests protein (1)

A

Protease

112
Q

How get more accurate value of pH (2)

A

RepeatUsing smaller intervals between pH 1 and 3

113
Q

Why no change of length enzyme (2)

A

DenaturedCannot fit substrate

114
Q

Acid in stomach (1)

A

Hydrochloric

115
Q

Importance diffusion in animals and plants Examples (6)

A

ITake in substances for use in cell processesProducts from cell processes removedERespiration O2 in Co2 outPhoto vice versaFood molecules absorbed glucose aaWater absorption large and rootsWater lost from leavesMineral ions absorbed by rootsDescriptionMovement of particlesThrough partially permeable membraneDown con gradient

116
Q

Process make lactic acid (1)

A

Anaerobic

117
Q

Why more lactic acid needed when run faster (3)

A

More energy neededNot enough O2 can be supplied to musclesSo more anaerobic to supply extra energy

118
Q

Why advantage to give ions in plants (1)

A

Can supply correct nutrients

119
Q

How put bubbles in ion solution help roots stay alive (3)

A

Provide O2 For aerobicWhich supplies energy for roots

120
Q

Why regular intervals not random (2)

A

To get data about position of seaweedIn relation to distance from sea

121
Q

How improve to ensure validity (2)

A

Repeat several timesElsewhere along shore

122
Q

How floating increase survive (2)

A

Gets more oughtFor photo

123
Q

Fertilised egg form embryo by what cell division (1)

A

Mitosis

124
Q

Genetic material made up of large molecules of what chemical substance (1)

A

DNA

125
Q

Why soft bodies make it hard for scientists (2)

A

Lack of fossilsSoft parts decay

126
Q

Reasons why did not mate (2)

A

Not attractiveNt mating seasonSame sex

127
Q

Species (2)

A

Organisms that can interbreedSuccessfully

128
Q

Where aerobic happen (1)

A

Mitochondria

2 (6 decks)

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