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biology knowledge recall > B2 > Flashcards

B2 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. what is the role of the nucleolus
A

manufactures ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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2
Q
  1. what organelle is found in plant and algae cells but not animal cells
A
  • cell wall
  • vacuole
  • chloroplasts
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3
Q
  1. what organelle is used by phagocytes to digest pathogens
A

lysosomes

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4
Q
  1. what organelle carries out protein synthesis
A

ribosomes

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5
Q
  1. what does the RER do
A

synthesises proteins

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6
Q
  1. what does the SER do
A

synthesises lipids

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7
Q
  1. what does the golgi body do
A
  • modifies proteins and lipids
  • forms vesicles (to transport modified proteins to cell membrane)
  • forms lysosomes
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8
Q
  1. what is the function of a cell wall in plants
A

provides mechanical strength
prevents lysis when water enters

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9
Q
  1. what CANT be seen in an OPTICAL microscope but CAN be seen in an electron microscope
A

ribosomes

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10
Q
  1. what CAN be observed using an optical microscope that CANT be observed using an electron microscope
A

living specimen
specimen in colour

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11
Q
  1. why does an electron microscope have better resolution than an optical microscope
A

electrons have shorter wavelength than light

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12
Q
  1. what are the 3 stages of the cell cycle
A

interphase
nuclear division (mitosis/meiosis)
cytokineses

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13
Q
  1. what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication happen in?
A

interphase

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14
Q
  1. what is replicated in interphase
A

DNA
organelles

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15
Q
  1. what are homologous chromosomes
A

not identical but have the same gene loci

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16
Q
  1. what can differ on the homologous chromosomes
A

the alleles

17
Q
  1. where do the homologous chromosomes come from
A

paternal
maternal

18
Q
  1. what do you call a cell that has homologous chromosomes arranged in pairs
A

diploid

19
Q
  1. what do you call a cell that contains one of each homologous pair
A

haploid

20
Q
  1. what are the components of chromatin
A

DNA and histone

21
Q
  1. what are sister chromatids
A

genetic copies of a chromosome
attached by a centromere

22
Q
  1. name the stages of mitosis
A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

23
Q
  1. how can you tell if a cell is undergoing mitosis when observing under a microscope
A

chromosomes are condensed and therefore visible
double the amount of DNA

24
Q
  1. during which phase do chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell
A

metaphase

25
Q
  1. during what stage are sister chromatids separated
A

anaphase

26
Q
  1. what part of the cell is needed for anaphase to happen
A

mitochondria - to provide energy

27
Q
  1. describe what happens in prophase
A

chromosomes condense and become visible
nuclear envelope disintegrates
nucleolus disappears

28
Q
  1. describe cytokineses
A

cytoplasm and cell membrane divides
forming 2 genetically identical cells

29
Q
  1. describe the behaviour of chromosomes during mitosis and explain how this results in the production of two genetically identical cells
A
  1. chromosomes shorten/thicken/supercoiling
  2. chromosomes (each) two identical chromatids (due to replication)
  3. chromatids move to equator
  4. attach to individual spindle fibres
  5. spindle fibres contract/centromeres divide

biology knowledge recall (2 decks)

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