B2-075 Lecture Protein Structure Function

Question 1

Exome

Answer 1

all protein coding regions, about 2% of genome, its constant over a lifetime

Question 2

Transcriptome

Answer 2

All transcribed RNA and mRNA and others. Changes with age and environment

Question 3

Number of differences between exomes of 2 unrelated people

Answer 3

10,000

Question 4

Classes of protein functions

Answer 4

chemistry, signaling, structure, transport, storage

Question 5

Structural classes of proteins

Answer 5

1. Soluble globular proteins (about 1/3 of eukaryotic proteins)
2. Fibrillar
3. Integral membrane proteins
4. Intrinsically disordered proteins

Question 6

What are fibrullar proteins

Answer 6

repeating globular structures, long twisted fibers

Question 7

Commonly associated functions of fibrillar proteins

Answer 7

Cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (eg. Actin, tubulin)

Question 8

Integral membrane proteins

Answer 8

Hydrophobic lipid of membrane. Inside out distribution oF hydrophobic/hydrophilic amino acids

Question 9

Commonly associated functions of integral membranes

Answer 9

Receptior proteins, transporter/channels

Question 10

Intrinsically disordered proteins

Answer 10

Discovered by genome sequencing

Question 11

What is the prevalence of intrinsically ordered proteins

Answer 11

30% of all eukaryotic proteins

Question 12

Describe the structure of intrinsically disordered proteins

Answer 12

random, small sequence islands for binding

Question 13

Commonly associated functions of intrinsically disordered proteins

Answer 13

1. scaffold, like Dynein,
2. Transcription factors,
3. membraneless organelles
4. Phosphorylation post translation

Question 14

Themes apparent from protein families

Answer 14

Conservation, motif, modularity

Question 15

Conserved residues missense mutations result in what

Answer 15

catastrophy

Question 16

what are conserved short sequences

Answer 16

motifs, associated with a specific function

Question 17

Examples of motifs

Answer 17

Walker A - ATP binding

zinc finger motif - amino acid binding

Question 18

What do mix and match proteins do

Answer 18

evolve new proteins