B2-004 - Acute MI Cellular Adaption to Injury

Question 1

What is hypertrophy

Answer 1

Increase in size of cells resulting in increase in size of organ

Question 2

What is a common example of hypertrophy

Answer 2

Uterus getting bigger during pregnancy

Question 3

What is hyperpasia

Answer 3

Cell proliferation, an increase in the number of cells in response to a stimulus

Question 4

Distinguish between physiologic hyperplasia and pathologic hyperplasia

Answer 4

Physiologic is expected and normal (uterus), pathologic is excessive and not normal

Question 5

Cell proliferation can be dangerous because

Answer 5

increase in cell division means more opportunities for cell mutations (cancer)

Question 6

What is atrophy

Answer 6

Decrease in the size and number of cells resulting in decrease in size of the organ

Question 7

What is disuse atrophy

Answer 7

Decrease in size and number of cells due to lack of use

Question 8

What is metaplasia

Answer 8

Replacement of one differentiated cell type by another differentiated cell type,

Question 9

What is metaplasia usually accompanied by

Answer 9

increase in cell division due to regeneration

Question 10

Whats a common example of metaplasia

Answer 10

Change of bronchi columnar cells to squamous cells due to smoking

Question 11

What is necrosis

Answer 11

accidental cell death due to ATP depletion

Question 12

What causes necrosis on a cellular level

Answer 12

Loss of membrane integrity leading to leakage of cytoplasmic contents (inflammation)

Question 13

What is apoptosis

Answer 13

Programmed cell death which is energy dependent

Question 14

What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis on a cellular level

Answer 14

apoptosis is programmed, necrosis is accidental
Apoptosis - membrane integrity is preserved which means there is little to no inflammation. This is an energy dependent process

Question 15

Etiology of necrosis

Answer 15

1. Hypoxia (due to ischemia)
2. Physical agents
3. Chemical agents, drugs
4. Infection
5. Immunologic agents
6. Genetic derangements
7. Nutritional imbalance

Question 16

Etiology of physiologic apoptosis

Answer 16

1. Embryogenesis
2. Hormonal involution
3. Cell loss in proliferating cell pops
4. Elimination of potentially harmful self reactive lymphosytes
5. immunologically mediated cell death

Question 17

Etiology of pathologic cell death

Answer 17

1. DNA damage
2. Accumulation of misfolded proteins
3. Infections and immunologic reactions
4. Cell loss in organs after duct obstruction