B1c Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

Base sequence of DNA that codes for the sequence of amino acids/primary structure of a polypeptide

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2
Q

What is the gene locus?

A

The fixed position of a gene on a particular DNA molecule/chromosome

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3
Q

What is a triplet?

A

A sequence of 3 DNA bases which codes for a specific amino acid.

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4
Q

The genetic code is universal. What does this mean?

A

A particular triplet codes for the same amino acid in all living organisms.

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5
Q

The genetic code is non-overlapping. What does this mean?

A

Triplets are read sequentially

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6
Q

The genetic code is degenerate. What does this mean?

A

More than one DNA triplet can code for an amino acid.

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7
Q

Name the molecule shown in the diagram

A

tRNA

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8
Q

What is an exon?

A

The sequences within a gene that code for the polypeptide.

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9
Q

What is an intron?

A

A non-coding sequence of bases in a gene that do not code for the amino acid sequence. Removed during splicing

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10
Q

Where are non-coding multiple repeats of base sequence found?

A

Between genes in eukaryotes

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11
Q

Name the process happening in the diagram

A

Transcription

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12
Q

What is a genome?

A

Complete set of genes in a cell.

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13
Q

What is a proteome?

A

The full range of proteins that a cell is able to make

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14
Q

Name the enzyme needed to join mRNA nucleotides.

A

RNA polymerase

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15
Q

Describe the structure of mRNA

A

Short linear RNA sequence that carries the genetic code for the construction of a polypeptide.

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16
Q

Describe the process of transcription

A

DNA helicase unwinds a gene on a the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds

Complementary RNA nucleotides diffuse and form hydrogen bonds with their complementary base pairs

RNA polymerase joins the RNA nucleotides together with phosphodiester bonds

mRNA is formed

17
Q

Describe the structure of tRNA

A

Linear RNA nucleotide which is folded into a clover leaf/hairpin shape and held in place by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

18
Q

Where does transcription take place?

A

Nucleus

19
Q

What happens during transcription?

A

Production on mRNA from DNA

20
Q

What is removed from pre-mRNA to form mRNA in eukaryotic cells?

A

Introns

21
Q

What is translation?

A

The production of of polypeptide from the sequence of codons

carried on the mRNA.

22
Q

Name the organelle shown in the picture

A

Ribosome

23
Q

What is a codon?

A

A sequence of 3 bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

24
Q

Where, in the cell, does translation take place?

A

In the cytoplasm.

25
Q

Name the organelle responsible for translation.

A

Ribosome

26
Q

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

A

Carries a specific amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome.
The anticodon determines which amino acid it carries.

27
Q

What is the role of ATP in protein synthesis/translation?

A

Provides the energy required to join amino acids together.

28
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

Sequence of 3 bases on tRNA molecule which is complementary to the codon on the mRNA

29
Q

Name the process happening in the diagram

A

Transcription