B1a DNA and RNA Flashcards
What is DNA an abbreviation for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the abbreviation for ribonucleic acid?
RNA
The picture shows a DNA nucelotide.
Name parts A, B and C
A = Deoxyribose sugar
B = phosphate
C = Nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine cytosine or thymine)
What is the function of DNA?
Information carrying molecule
What is the function of RNA?
Transfers genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.
Of what do ribosomes consist?
RNA and proteins.
Name the components of a DNA nucleotide.
Deoxyribose
Phosphate
Nitrogenous organic base - guanine, cytosine, adenine or thymine
Name the components of an RNA nucleotide.
Ribose
Phosphate
Nitrogenous organic base - cytosine, guanine,adenine or uracil.
How many carbon atoms are found in deoxyribose and ribose?
5
Name the type of nucleic acid shown in the diagram
RNA
Name the bond that forms between nucleotides.
Phosphodiester bond
Describe the shape of a DNA molecule
Double helix - two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs.
Give the specific complementary base pairs found in DNA.
Guanine and cytosine
Thymine and adenine.
Name the process involved in the replication of DNA
Semi-conservative replication
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
Reduces the activation energy needed to form phosphodiester bonds which causes the joining of adjacent nucleotides.