B1b

Question 1

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 1

A balanced diet is a diet that contains all the essential nutrients.

Question 2

How many essential nutrients are there and what are they?

Answer 2

There are six essential nutrients, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water.

Question 3

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates provide energy.

Question 4

What are the functions of protein?

Answer 4

Protein is for the growth and repair of tissue, and provide energy in emergencies.

Question 5

What are the functions of fat?

Answer 5

Fats provide energy, act as an energy store and provide insulation.

Question 6

What are the functions of minerals and vitamins?

Answer 6

Various functions: e.g. vitamin C is needed to prevent scurvy, and iron (a mineral)is needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood.

Question 7

What are carbohydrates made from and how are they stored?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates are made from simple sugars, such as glucose, and are stored in the liver as glycogen or converted to fats.

Question 8

What are proteins made from and how are they stored?

Answer 8

Proteins are made from amino acids and are not stored.

Question 9

What are fats made from and how are they stored?

Answer 9

Fats are made from glycerol and fatty acids. They are stored under the skin and around organs as adipose tissue.

Question 10

What are the amino acids that cannot be created by the body called?

Answer 10

They are called essential amino acids.

Question 11

What are first class proteins?

Answer 11

These are animal proteins.

Question 12

What are second class proteins?

Answer 12

These are plant proteins.

Question 13

Where can we find all our essential amino acids?

Answer 13

We find all of our essential amino acids in animal proteins.

Question 14

Why do vegetarians need to eat a wide variety of plants?

Answer 14

-so they can get a complete range of amino acids in their diets.

Question 15

How does age affect your nutrient and energy needs?

Answer 15

-Children and teenagers need more protein for growth. -Older people need more calcium to protect against degenerative bone diseases like osteoporosis.

Question 16

How does gender affect your nutrient and energy needs?

Answer 16

Females need more iron to replace the iron lost in menstrual blood.

Question 17

How does your physical activity affect your nutrient and energy needs?

Answer 17

Active people need more protein for muscle development, and more carbohydrates for energy.

Question 18

What things can affect your nutrient and energy needs?

Answer 18

• Age
• physical activity
• gender

Question 19

What reasons do people have to eat a different diet?

Answer 19

• Religious
• personal
• medical reasons

Question 20

What are some religious reasons people have for changing their diet?

Answer 20

Hindus don’t eat cows because they believe they are sacred.

Question 21

What are some personal reasons people have for changing their diet?

Answer 21

Vegetarians don’t eat meat for various reasons

Vegans don’t eat any products from animals.

Question 22

What are some medical reasons people have for changing their diet?

Answer 22

• Intolerant to certain foods. Often caused the enzyme needed to digest that food properly missing. The person may feel bloated or ill.
• Some people are allergic to foods, they get severe reactions which can sometimes be fatal.

Question 23

What condition can having too little protein cause and what are the symptoms?

Answer 23

Too little protein can cause kwashiorkor, a common symptom is a swollen belly.

Question 24

Why do lots of people in developing countries have to little protein?

Answer 24

• Overpopulation means the demand for protein-rich food is greater that the available amount.
• Lack of money to invest in agriculture, which makes producing enough protein-rich food for everyone difficult,

Question 25

What is EAR?

Answer 25

EAR is the Estimated Average daily Requirement of protein.

Question 26

How do you calculate EAR?

Answer 26

The formula is: EAR (g) = 0.6 x body mass (kg)

Question 27

How does pregnancy change your EAR?

Answer 27

• A pregnant women needs extra protein for the growth of the baby.
• A women who is lactating needs more protein in order to produce milk.

Question 28

What does EAR vary with?

Answer 28

EAR varies with age, teenagers need more protein because they are still growing.

Question 29

What does anorexia nervosa lead to?

Answer 29

It leads to self-starvation.

Question 30

What does bulimia nervosa involve?

Answer 30

Bulimia nervosa involves bouts of binge eating, followed by self-induced vomiting.

Question 31

What are bulimia and anorexia nervosa usually caused by?

Answer 31

• low self-esteem
  -the desire to be ‘perfect’.
  Sufferers often have poor self-image.

Question 32

What do bulimia and anorexia nervosa result in?

Answer 32

-poor diet,
-which leads to e.g. liver failure, kidney failure, heart attacks, muscle wastage, low blood pressure and mineral deficiencies.
Bulimia can lead to tooth decay, as the acid in the vomit eats away at the tooth enamel.
Both disorders can be fatal.

Question 33

How is BMI calculated?

Answer 33

It is calculated with this formula: BMI= body mass (kg) / (height)^2^ (m)

Question 34

Why is BMI not always reliable?

Answer 34

-muscle weighs more than fats, so athletes come out with a high BMI even though they are not overweight.

Question 35

What is an alternative to BMI?

Answer 35

Body fat percentage is an alternative to BMI.