B1b Flashcards
How are desert animals adapted?
- Large surface area compared to volume - so the will loose more body heat so they don’t overheat
- Efficient with water - Produce small amounts of concentrated urine & Make little sweat (tolerating big temperature changes)
- Good in hot conditions - Thin layers of body fat and a thin coat to help them loose body heat.
- Camouflage - a sandy colour gives good camouflage to avoid predators and find prey.
How are arctic animals adapted?
- Small surface area compared to volume - small rounded shape to reduce heat loss.
- Well insulated - Thick layer of blubber which also stores energy.
- Thick, hairy coat to keep body heat in and its greasy to prevent cooling and heat loss.
- Camouflage - White fur to avoid predators and find prey better.
How are desert plants adapted?
- Small surface area compared to volume - stops water vapour being lost through leaves so they have spines and if its smaller it reduces water loss.
- Water storage tissue - Cactus stores water in its stem
- Maximising water absorption - Shallow, extensive roots to absorb water quickly over a large area. Or deep roots to reach underground water.
How are things adapted to deter predators?
^ Armour - Roses have thorns, Cacti have spines and tortoises have shells.
^ Poisons - Bees and poisonous ivy
^ Warning Colours - Wasps
What do plants need to survive?
light, space, water, minerals (nutrients from soil)
What do animals need to survive?
Space (territory), food, water and mates.
Why do organisms compete?
To get the same resources and survive more/longer than other species.
What environmental factors (in which organisms live in) are changed by living factors?
^ Occurrence of infectious diseases
^ Change in the number of predators
^Change in the number of prey and food source available.
^ Change in type of competitors
What environmental factors (in which organisms live in) are changed by non-living factors?
^ Change in average temperature
^Change in average rainfall
^Change in level of water/air pollution
How do environmental changes affect animal/plant populations?
^ Population size increases - if prey increases there will be more food so predators will survive and reproduce and increase the population
^ Population size decreases - because of pesticides that are around, less food available, more disease
^ Population distribution changes - change in where organism lives. e.g move to warmer/colder areas.
What are indicator species?
Organisms sensitive to changes in the environment and so can be studied to see the effect on human activities.
Give an example of indicator species?
Types of lichen are sensitive to the concentration of sulfur dioxide in atmosphere so can monitor air pollution.
What non - living factors monitor environmental change?
- Satalites - measure temperature of sea and amount of snow/ice
- Automatic weather stations - atmospheres temperature.
- Rain gauges - average rainfall per year.
What does a biomass pyramid look like and what do they mean?
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The bigger the bar the larger the biomass of that species. Producer - bottom
primary consumer - middle
secondary consumer - top
How are waste materials by organisms lost?
Through material and energy
Heat loss and feoses
How are elements returned back into the environment?
Waste products or when they die
Through decay
How does decay work?
Materials are broken down (digested) by micro-organisms into separate elements. They work best in warm, moist conditions and break things down faster when theres more oxygen.
How does a compost bin work?
Kitchen waste can be made into compost. Compost is decayed remains of animal and plant matter used as fertiliser. You add extra decomposers, finely shredded waste, have mesh sided bin to let air in and warmth/heat generated at base.
Explain the steps in the carbon cycle
Middle - plant and an arrow into it is photosynethesis (co2 from air)
Out of tree is;
Plant respiration
Wood/paper - arrow from that which is burning (putting co2 back in)
Animal - has arrow from tree (eating)
animal respiration
Leather, wool, meat - burnt (co2 back out)
Death/waste - arrow into ground for decay.
Arrow from ground - co2 from decay and fossil fuels
