Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > B19. Population in Ecosystems (A2) > Flashcards

B19. Population in Ecosystems (A2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are species?

A

Group of organisms that share the same genes and are capable of breeding to produce fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a community?

A

Multiple populations of different species living and interacting in the same area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

Interaction between a community, biotic and abiotic parts of the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a niche?

A

Traits that allow an organism to fit into an environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a habitat?

A

Place where a species lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the main process of an ecosystem?

A

Flow of energy through the system; Cycling of elements within a system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the types of adaptations?

A

Anatomical, structural features; Behavioural, defensive; Physiological, Processes in the body eg digesting cellulose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the carrying capacity?

A

Maximum population size of a species that an ecosystem can support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some exmaples abiotic factors affecting population size?

A

Light availability; Water supply; Temperature; Amount of space available; Soil pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some examples of abiotic factors affecting population size?

A

Light availability; Water supply; Temperature; Amount of space available; Soil pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a biotic factor and what are the subcategories?

A

Interactions between organisms, living factors of an ecosystem; Interspecific competition; Intraspecific competition; Predation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe interspecific competitions.

A

Competition for same resources between individuals from different species;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe interspecific competitions and it’s effects.

A

Competition for same resources between individuals from different species; Limiting population or decrease in one, increase (outcompeting) in another species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe intraspecific competition and its effect.

A

Competition for the same resources between individuals from the same species; Resources become limiting and population cannot grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the process of predation.

A

Producers eaten by primary consumer, in turn eaten by secondary consumers in turn eaten by tertiary consumers;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a predator?

A

Consumers that kill and eat other animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a prey?

A

Animals that are eaten by predators

17
Q

How does predation affect an ecosystem?

A

Limits both population sizes of predators and prey; Predator increases as more prey; Prey decreases as more predators so predators decrease; Prey increases as fewer predators

18
Q

What is sampling and what are the types?

A

Method of investigating the abundance and distribution of species and populations; Random and Systematic

19
Q

Describe random sampling.

A

Positions of sampling points are completely random or due to chance; No bias; When area is uniform , no clear pattern

20
Q

Describe systematic sampling.

A

Position of sampling points are chosen; Bias possibility;

21
Q

What are the three main sampling methods for population sizes?

A

Quadrats, slow moving species; Transects, slow moving species; Mark-release-recapture, motile species

22
Q

How do you use quadrats?

A

Square frames laid randomly in area to avoid sampling bias

23
Q

How do you avoid sampling bias?

A

Convert the sampling area into grid format, labelling each square with a number; Random number generator to pick sample points

24
Q

What is species frequency?

A

Probability species will be found within any quadrat sample area; No. of quadrats species found in / Total quadrats

25
Q

When should you use belt transects?

A

Area where there are changes in physical conditions eg. abiotic factors, altitude, soil pH, light intensity

26
Q

How do you use belt transects?

A

Place quadrats at regular intervals along tape and record abundance of each species within quadrat; produces quantitative data

27
Q

How do you use quadrats?

A

Square frames used to mark areas being sampled; Can be different sized squares; Layed out randomly

28
Q

How do you use Mark-release-capture?

A

Large sample taken; Individuals are counted and marked; Marked individuals are returned to their habitat; When sufficient time has passed another large sample is capture; Number of marked and unmarked individuals within sampled are counted

29
Q

What is Mark-release-capture used to calculate and what is the forumla?

A

Estimate of population size; N = (n1 x n2) / m2
Population estimate = (No. of marked released x No. in second sample) / Number of marked in second sample

30
Q

What are the assumptions made with the mark-release-capture sample?

A

Individuals are given sufficient time to disperse and mix back full with main population; Marking doesn’t affect survival rates; Marking remains visible throughout sampling and doesn’t rub off; Population stays same size during study

31
Q

Describe succession of an ecosystem.

A

Change of an ecosystem from very simple to very complex; Biotic and abiotic conditions change over time; Ecosystems are dynamic

32
Q

Describe primary succession.

A

Newly formed/exposed land w/ no species is gradually colonised by an increasing number of species

33
Q

Detail the stages of primary succession.

A

Colonisation by pioneer species; Change in environment, caused by organism; Enables others species to colonise; Change in biodiversity; Stability increases, hostility decreases; Climax community formed

34
Q

Define humus.

A

Dead organic matter

35
Q

Define pioneer species.

A

First species to colonise an ecosystem

36
Q

Define climax community.

A

Stable, final community that exists in a balanced equilibrium and that makes up the final stages of succession

37
Q

Define conservation.

A

Protection and management of an ecosystem

38
Q

Why is preventing an area from reaching climax community a good thing sometimes?

A

Ecosystems at intermediate stage of succession hold distinct diversity of plant species

39
Q

What are the methods of preventing succession?

A

Grazing animals introduced temporarily, eat shrub, growing shoots, trees; Managed burning, controlled fires burn away shrubs and trees

40
Q

Explain what limits population size in a climax community.

A

Nutrient availability; No. of producers providing energy; Light intensity for photosynthesis; Pathogens and disease; Niches; Competition for resources; Intraspecific and interspecific competition; Predation

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions