B1.7 Genetic variation and its control Flashcards
In what is the information carried inside gametes and what does the information do?
- Carried inside GENES
- Results in plants/animals having SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS to their parents
What does the nucleus of a cell contain and what do these things do?
- Chromosomes
- Carry genes that control characteristics
What is the term for a difference in characteristics of different individuals?
Variation
Give three causes of variation
- Genetic inheritance (nature)
- Environmental causes (nurture)
- Or a combination of both
What makes asexual reproduction different to sexual reproduction? (4)
- No fusion of gametes
- One individual is needed as the parent
- No mixing of gen. info
- No variation
What are two advantages of taking cuttings from old plants?
- Quick
- Cheap
What are the three types of cloning?
- Tissue culture
- Embryo transplants
- Adult cell cloning
What happens in tissue culture?
Small groups of cells are used from part of a plant
What happens in embryo transplants? (2)
- Cells are SPLIT from a developing animal embryo
- Identical embryos are TRANSPLANTED into host mother
When are cells split from a developing animal embryo?
-Before they become specialised
What happens in adult cell cloning? (5)
- Nuc. REMOVED from unfertilised egg cell
- Nucleus from an adult body cell, eg a skin cell, is inserted INTO EGG cell
- An electric SHOCK, egg cell to divides=embryo cells
- IDENTICAL to adult skin cell
- When embryo–>ball of cells, it’s inserted INTO WOMB of an adult female to develop
What could an example of a GM crop be?
A plant that’s resistant to insect attack or to herbicides
What do GM crops generally do to the yield?
Increase it
What are two concerns with GM crops?
- Effect on populations of wild flowers and insects
- Effects on human health
