B1.1 Keeping healthy Flashcards
What does a healthy diet contain? (2 points)
- The right balance of the different foods you need
- The right amount of energy
What are the 7 food groups?
Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Minerals Vitamins Fibre Water
Where does all energy come from?
The sun
Describe a balanced diet in terms of energy
The energy in is equal to the energy going out
What are carbohydrates, proteins and fats used for? (2)
To release energy and build cells
When is a person malnourished and what can this lead to?
- When they don’t have a balanced diet
- Being overweight or underweight
Name one consequence of malnourishment
- Type 2 diabetes
- Reduced resistance to infection
What is the metabolic rate?
The rate of chemical reactions in the body
What can metabolic rate be affected by? (make 3 points)
- Inherited factors
- Amount of exercise the person does
- Proportion of body fat to muscle
How do bacteria and viruses make us ill? (2)
- Produce poisons (toxins)
- Viruses damage the cells that they reproduce in
How do white blood cells protect the body from pathogens? (3)
- Ingest pathogens
- Produce antibodies
- Produce antitoxins
What do antibodies do?
What do antitoxins do?
- Destroy particular bacteria/viruses
- Counteract toxins released by pathogens
What is a disadvantage of painkillers?
They do not kill the pathogen
How do antibiotics work?
Kill infectious bacteria inside the body
Why is it difficult to develop drugs that kill viruses?
Because they will also damage the cells that the viruses reproduce in
Name a resistant strain of bacteria and what can be done to prevent resistance
- MRSA
- Avoid over-use of antibiotics
How are new strains of bacteria produced, and what does this mean for immunisation?
- Mutations
- Antibiotics and vaccinations are no longer effective against the new strain
Why will a new strain be a problem?
- Will spread quickly
- Won’t be a cure/immunisation method
What do vaccines do to white blood cells? (2)
- STIMULATE WBCs to produce antibodies that destroy the pathogens
- So that the white blood cells can produce the RIGHT ANTIBODIES in the future
Describe three safety methods when growing bacteria
(1) Petri dishes/culture media= STERILISED before use (to kill unwanted microorganisms)
(2) Inoculating loops must be STERILISED by passing them through a FLAME
(3) The lid of the Petri dish should be SECURED with adhesive tape (to prevent microorganisms from the air contaminating the culture)
SUMMARISE the three safety methods used when growing bacteria
(1) Petri dish, sterilised
(2) Loops, sterilised, flame
(3) Petri dish lid, sercured
