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a Biology 2 > B15- Reproduction > Flashcards

B15- Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Joining of male and female gametes

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2
Q

What type of cell division is involved in sexual reproduction?

A

Meiosis

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3
Q

What type of cell division is involved in asexual reproduction?

A

Mitosis

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4
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division that produces gametes- four daughter cells with a single set of chromosomes

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5
Q

What are the male and female sex chromosomes in humans?

A

XX-female
XY-male

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6
Q

What are the male and female gametes in plants?

A

Male- pollen
Female-ovule

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7
Q

What is the genetic material in cells called?

A

DNA

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8
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Double helix

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9
Q

What is a gene?

A

A small section of DNA that codes for a specific amino acid sequence to make a specific protein

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10
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of the same gene

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11
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

An allele that needs to be present twice in order to be expressed

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12
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

An allele that is always expressed

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13
Q

What is a genome?

A

The entire genetic material of an organism

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14
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A long molecule made from DNA located in the nucleus of the cell

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15
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

Two of the same alleles present in an organism

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16
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Two different alleles present in an organism

17
Q

What does genotype mean?

A

The combination of alleles an organism has

18
Q

What does phenotype mean?

A

The physical expression of the genotype

19
Q

What has the study of the whole genome allowed scientists to do?

A

Search for genes linked to diseases, track migration patterns and treat inherited disorders

20
Q

What type of allele causes polydactyly?

A

Dominant allele

21
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

Extra fingers or toes

22
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Cell membrane disorder causing them to produce extra mucus

23
Q

What type of allele causes cystic fibrosis?

A

Recessive allele

24
Q

How many chromosomes are in a normal human body cell?

A

46 (23 pairs)

a Biology 2 (7 decks)

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