B14 Variation & Evolution

Question 1

What are the basic steps in cloning an animal?

Answer 1

1. Remove the nucleus from an egg cell.
2. Add the nucleus from an individual you want to clone.
3. Give it an electric shock.
4. Cell starts dividing to become an embryo.
5. Put the embryo back in the womb of a surrogate mother.

Question 2

When an animal is cloned, is the clone genetically identical to

a) The individual that provided the nucleus
b) The individual that provided the egg
c) The surrogate mother?

Answer 2

a) The individual that provided the nucleus.

Question 3

In adult cell cloning, from what type of cell is a nucleus removed and discarded?

Answer 3

Egg cell

Question 4

In adult cell cloning, an egg cell is taken from a female (not the one being cloned). What has to be removed from the egg cell before it can be used?

Answer 4

Its nucleus

Question 5

In adult cell cloning, what is extracted from the body cell of the individual you want to clone?

Answer 5

Its nucleus

Question 6

In adult cell cloning, a nucleus is extracted from the body cell of the individual you want to clone. Where is this nucleus placed?

Answer 6

In the enucleated egg cell of another female.

Enucleanted = has had its nucleus removed.

Question 7

In adult cell cloning, you place the nucleus of an individual you want to clone in an egg cell (which has had its nucleus removed already).

How do you stimulate the egg cell to begin dividing to form an embryo?

a) treat it with enzymes
b) mix it with sperm cells
c) give it an electric shock

Answer 7

c) give it an electric shock

Question 8

In adult cell cloning, the ball of embryo cells need to be placed in the ____ of another female.

Complete the sentence with:

a) womb
b) stomach
c) ovary

Answer 8

a) womb

Question 9

Scientists propose to carry out adult cell cloning of a mammoth fossil using its skin cells and inserting the nucleus into a modern day elephant egg cell. They will then implant the egg cell into the womb of a modern day elephant.

Should the scientists expect the offspring to resemble

a) A mammoth
b) An elephant
c) A cross between an elephant and a mammoth.
d) A bumble bee

Answer 9

a) A mammoth as all the genes will be mammoth genes

Question 10

What are GM (genetically modified) crops?

Answer 10

GM crops have been modified by transplanting a gene from another species, e.g. a microorganism. The gene carries new desirable characteristics, e.g. the natural production of an insect poison.

This can increase food production by e.g. giving it better resistance to pests.

Question 11

Some people are concerned about the use of GM crops. Why?

Answer 11

Effects on populations of wild flowers and insects.

GM crops may be harmful to humans if eaten.