B14. Variation and Evolution Flashcards
What is the definition of variation?
The differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors
What is the definition of phenotype?
The physical characteristic the genotype (allele) expresses
What is the definition of a continuous variation?
For any species, a characteristic that changes gradually over a range of values shows continuous variation. Examples of such characteristics are: height. weight.
What is the definition of a discontinuous variation?
A characteristic of any species with only a limited number of possible values shows discontinuous variation. For example: gender (male or female)
What is the definition of a mutation?
A spontaneous change in the order of the bases in DNA which can been seen as an advantage or a disadvantage
What is the definition of an evolution?
The idea that livings organisms have changed over long periods of times over many generations
What is the definition of selective breeding
The breeding of only those with desirable characteristics
What is the definition of genetic engineering?
When a gene is introduced from one organism into the genome of another organism to introduce desirable characteristics.
What is the definition of a transgenic organism?
When a gene is introduced from one organism into the genome of another organism to introduce desirable characteristics.
What is the definition of restriction enzymes?
Restriction enzymes are used to isolate the required gene, leaving it with ‘sticky ends’ (a short section of unpaired bases)
What are ligase enzymes?
Ligases are enzymes that are capable of catalysing the reaction of joining two large molecules by establishing a new chemical bond
