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Biology Key Words > B13. Reproduction > Flashcards

B13. Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of reproduction?

A

When organisms produce offspring similar to themselves

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2
Q

What is the definition of gametes

A

Sex cells such as sperm cells

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3
Q

What is the definition of a mutation

A

A change in the DNA

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4
Q

What is the definition of asexual reproduction?

A

When one parent produces offspring (NOT children) that are genetically identical to itself, which often happens in bacteria or fungi

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5
Q

What is the definition of binary fission?

A

Reproduction by simple cell division in bacteria

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6
Q

What is the definition of budding?

A

How yeast reproduce by simply growing a bud on top of the yeast cell

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7
Q

What are the main key points asexual reproduction?

A

No fusion of gametes (sex cells)
Genes from only one parent
Offspring show NO variation
Genetically identical offspring (clones)

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8
Q

What factors could affect the offspring not being completely identical to its parent during asexual reproduction.

A

A change in the DNA known as mutation
Environmental factors such as light intensity and temperature

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9
Q

How does asexual reproduction work in daffodils

A

Bulbs are very short shoots, the stem is encircled by a small number of fleshy leaves. The leaf bases swell and produce a bulb

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10
Q

How does asexual reproduction work in daffodils

A

Potatoes are stem tubers, the tubers carry buds which can produce shoots, using the food stored in the tuber

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11
Q

What is the definition of sexual reproduction?

A

The joining of male and female gametes producing genetic variation in the offspring

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12
Q

What is the definition of mitosis?

A

When a single parent cell divides to produce 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells

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13
Q

What is the definition of meiosis?

A

When a single parent cell divides to produce 4 haploid daughter cells

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14
Q

What is the definition of haploid cells?

A

the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells

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15
Q

What is the definition of DNA?

A

The chemical that makes up the genetic material of humans.

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16
Q

What is the definition of a chromosome?

A

The chemical that makes up the genetic material of humans. It is a polymer made up of of many individual units. These units the

17
Q

What is the definition of double helix?

A

The double helix is a description of the molecular shape of a double-stranded DNA molecule

18
Q

What is the definition of a nucleotide?

A

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

19
Q

What is the definition of the complementary base pairing?

A

The manner in which the nitrogenous bases of the DNA molecules align with each other

A = T
C = G

20
Q

What is the definition of a gene?

A

A short section of a chromosome which codes for particular protein

21
Q

What is the definition of an allele?

A

Different versions of the same gene

22
Q

What is the definition of a genome?

A

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

23
Q

What is the definition of a zygote?

A

The cell that forms when a sperm fertilizes an egg during sexual reproduction

24
Q

What is the definition of a embryo?

A

The early stage of development for multicellular organisms

25
Q

What is the definition of a dominant allele?

A

An allele that will always produce a characteristic if it is present e.g. BB or Bb

26
Q

What is the definition of a recessive allele?

A

An allele that only expresses a characteristic if there a two of them present e.g. bb

27
Q

What is the definition of homozygous?

A

When the two alleles are the same, either both dominant or both recessive

28
Q

What is the definition of heterozygous?

A

When the two alleles are different, one dominant and one recessive

29
Q

What is the definition of genotype?

A

The actual alleles on organism has

30
Q

What is the definition of phenotype

A

The physical characteristic the genotype expresses

Biology Key Words (2 decks)

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