B13. Reproduction Flashcards
What is the definition of reproduction?
When organisms produce offspring similar to themselves
What is the definition of gametes
Sex cells such as sperm cells
What is the definition of a mutation
A change in the DNA
What is the definition of asexual reproduction?
When one parent produces offspring (NOT children) that are genetically identical to itself, which often happens in bacteria or fungi
What is the definition of binary fission?
Reproduction by simple cell division in bacteria
What is the definition of budding?
How yeast reproduce by simply growing a bud on top of the yeast cell
What are the main key points asexual reproduction?
No fusion of gametes (sex cells)
Genes from only one parent
Offspring show NO variation
Genetically identical offspring (clones)
What factors could affect the offspring not being completely identical to its parent during asexual reproduction.
A change in the DNA known as mutation
Environmental factors such as light intensity and temperature
How does asexual reproduction work in daffodils
Bulbs are very short shoots, the stem is encircled by a small number of fleshy leaves. The leaf bases swell and produce a bulb
How does asexual reproduction work in daffodils
Potatoes are stem tubers, the tubers carry buds which can produce shoots, using the food stored in the tuber
What is the definition of sexual reproduction?
The joining of male and female gametes producing genetic variation in the offspring
What is the definition of mitosis?
When a single parent cell divides to produce 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells
What is the definition of meiosis?
When a single parent cell divides to produce 4 haploid daughter cells
What is the definition of haploid cells?
the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells
What is the definition of DNA?
The chemical that makes up the genetic material of humans.
What is the definition of a chromosome?
The chemical that makes up the genetic material of humans. It is a polymer made up of of many individual units. These units the
What is the definition of double helix?
The double helix is a description of the molecular shape of a double-stranded DNA molecule
What is the definition of a nucleotide?
Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.
What is the definition of the complementary base pairing?
The manner in which the nitrogenous bases of the DNA molecules align with each other
A = T
C = G
What is the definition of a gene?
A short section of a chromosome which codes for particular protein
What is the definition of an allele?
Different versions of the same gene
What is the definition of a genome?
The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
What is the definition of a zygote?
The cell that forms when a sperm fertilizes an egg during sexual reproduction
What is the definition of a embryo?
The early stage of development for multicellular organisms
