B1.4 - Photosynthesis Flashcards
How does the plant get the carbon dioxide it needs for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide DIFFUSES from the air into the plant through the stomata
How does the plant get the water it needs for photosynthesis
Water enters the roots from the soil through the root hair cells by osmosis
What is the word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen
What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 +6H2O —> C6H12O6 +6O2
What are stomata?
They are tiny pores on the underside of the leaf.
They allow carbon dioxide to diffuse in and water vapour and oxygen to diffuse out
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Inside the plants chloroplast.
This means it mainly occurs in the leaf but a small amount occurs in the green stem.
Why are leaves and stems green?
They contain the pigment chlorophyll inside their chloroplasts
How does photosynthesis work?
Light transfers energy from the Sun to chlorophyll where carbon dioxide and water react to make glucose. Glucose stores energy within its chemical bonds.
What are the 2 main stages of photosynthesis
Light dependent and light independent
What happens in the first stage? ( light dependent stage)
Energy transferred from the sun splits water molecules into oxygen gas and hydrogen ions.
What happens in the second stage? (Light independent stage)
Carbon dioxide gas combines with the hydrogen ions to make glucose
Is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction?
Endothermic as energy must be transferred from the surroundings to keep it doing
What does “photosynthesis” mean
Photo means using light
Synthesis means the creation of larger substances
Photosynthesis means using light to make a new substance
How does the plant use the glucose produced?
The plant uses some of the glucose immediately in respiration
Other glucose molecules are converted into other sugar molecules
Glucose that isn’t needed straight away can be converted to
- starch ( a food store)
- Proteins
- fats and oils
- cellulose (to form cell walls)
- sucrose (stored in fruit)
How can you test for starch?
- the plant converts glucose into starch if it isn’t used immediately
To test a plant for starch :
- take the leaf you are about to test and place it in a beaker of boiling water for a minute to kill it.
- place the lead into a boiling tube of ethanol to remove all the chlorophyll.
- wash the leaf with water to remove the ethanol
- spread the lead on a white tile
- add a few drops of iodine solution onto the leaf
- if starch is present the iodine will turn from yellow-brown to blue-black