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Biology - Real One > B1.3 - Respiration > Flashcards

B1.3 - Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do you need carbohydrates and fats?

A

They provide you with energy to move and stay alive

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2
Q

Why do you need proteins?

A

It is used for the growth and repair of body tissues.

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3
Q

What is the metabolic rate?

A

The speed at which chemical reactions transfer energy from its chemical stores in food.

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4
Q

What enzymes break down carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrase

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5
Q

What enzyme breaks down starch?

A

Amylase

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6
Q

Are proteins polymers?

A

Yes - they are formed from amino acids.

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7
Q

What enzyme breaks down protein

A

Protease

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8
Q

What are lipids?

A

They are the fats and oils you eat.

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9
Q

What are lipids used for?

A
  • energy store
  • insulation
  • buoyancy
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10
Q

What are lipids synthesised from?

A

3 fatty acid molecules and glycerol

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11
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids

A

lipase

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12
Q

What happens once food molecules are fully digested?

A

They are absorbed into the bloodstream and then travel to the cells that need them.

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13
Q

Why is energy continually transferred in your body?

A

So that you can grow, keep warm and so your body can function

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14
Q

Where does energy come from

A

Chemical stores in the food you eat

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15
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

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16
Q

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O

17
Q

What does aerobic respiration do?

A

It transfers energy from its chemical store in glucose to another chemical energy store for all processes in the cell. This energy store is called ATP.

18
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

19
Q

What happens to the energy produced during respiration?

A

It is used …
- to synthesise larger molecules from smaller ones to make new cell material.

  • for MOVEMENT - animals use ATP to contract muscle cells enabling the organism to move
  • to stay WARM
20
Q

How does respiration help an animal to stay warm?

A

When an animals surroundings are colder than they are, they increase their rate of respiration. This transfers more energy by heating so that they can keep their body at a constant temperature

21
Q

Where does respiration occur?

A

Respiration takes place inside the mitochondria of a cell.

Each chemical that takes place during respiration is controlled by a specific enzyme

22
Q

Is respiration endothermic or exothermic?

A

EXOTHERMIC as energy is transferred to the surroundings by heating.

23
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose —> lactic acid

24
Q

What is anaerobic respiration

A

This series of chemical reactions does not need oxygen.

It allows the body to transfer extra energy for short amounts of time.

Glucose isn’t completely broken down instead poisonous lactic acid is produced

25
Q

Why do you normally respire aerobically?

A
  • aerobic respiration produces more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration. It has a greater yield as the glucose molecule is fully broken down.
  • the lactic acid produced from anaerobic respiration can cause cramps .
26
Q

What is the definition for anaerobic respiration?

A

The process of transferring energy in the absence of oxygen

27
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

The quantity of oxygen needed to break down lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration

28
Q

What is fermentation?

A

A type of anaerobic respiration that takes place in plants

29
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation?

A

Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

30
Q

What is the symbol equation for fermentation?

A

C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

31
Q

How is the mitochondria adapted for respiration

A

The folded inner membrane gives a large SA where the enzymes that control respiration are found

Biology - Real One (10 decks)

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