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Pharmacology II > B14-4 Androgens, Estrogens, Progestins > Flashcards

B14-4 Androgens, Estrogens, Progestins Flashcards

1
Q

What is estrogen used for? Side effects? Contraindications?

A
  • postmenopausal symptoms, contraception
  • Nausea, breast tenderness, migraines, fluid retention
  • HTN, thromboembolism, breast and/or endometrial cancer (give w/ progestogen)
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2
Q

Name the 3 SERM’s, what they’re typically used for, and unique side effects for each one

A
  • Tamoxifen: used for Breast cancer, can cause Endometrial Hyperplasia and thromboembolism
  • Raloxifine: used for Osteoporosis, can cause thromboembolism
  • Clomiphene: used for infertility, induces ovulation, can cause ovarian cysts/enlargement/multiple gestation
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3
Q

Name a full estrogen receptor antagonist. What is it used for? Side effects?

A
  • Fulvestrant
  • Hormone responsive (HR) breast cancer
  • Nausea & liver toxicity
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4
Q

Name the two nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitors

A

Anastrozole & Letrozole

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5
Q

Name the steroidal Aromatase Inhibitor

A

Exemestane

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6
Q

What are Aromatase Inhibitors used for? Side effects?

A
  • Breast cancer (tamoxifen resistant) & Infertility (2nd line Tx after clomiphene)
  • nausea and hot flashes
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7
Q

Name the 1st line of Tx for infertility. What kind of drug? Side effects?

A
  • Clomiphene
  • SERM
  • nausea, hot flashes & ovarian cysts
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8
Q

1st line of Tx for breast cancer? What kind of drug? Side effects?

A
  • Tamoxifen
  • SERM
  • thromboembolism & endometrial hyperplasia
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9
Q

This SERM is a good alternative, or 2nd line, Tx for Osteoporosis behind Alendronate. What are its side effects?

A
  • Raloxifene

- Hot flashes & thromboembolism

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10
Q

What kind of drug is Danazol? What is it used for? Side effects?

A
  • estrogen synthesis inhibitor
  • Tx for Endometriosis
  • hepatotoxicity, thromboembolism, intracranial HTN
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11
Q

What kind of drug is Ketoconazole? How does it work? What is it used for? Side effects?

A
  • Gonadal & adrenal hormone synthesis blocker
  • Cushings, prostate cancer, antifungal
  • Hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation, diabetes insipidus
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12
Q

What are progestogens used for?

A
  • contraceptives, either alone or in combination w/ estrogen
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in combination w/ estrogen to prevent estrogen-induced endometrial cancer
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13
Q

Which progestogens are more likely to cause androgenic effects like acne & hirsutism?

A

1st Gen: Norethindrone

2nd Gen: Levonorgestrel

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14
Q

Which progestogen is K+ sparring? Which gen is this drug?

A
  • Drospirenone

- 4th gen

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15
Q

What kind of drug is Mifepristone? What is it used for? Side effects?

A
  • Antagonist of progesterone & glucocorticoid receptors
  • Used for Abortion in early pregnancy (up to 49 days after the last menstraul period)
  • can cause refractory Cushing’s syndrome due to the antagonistic affect on glucocorticoid receptors
  • can cause uterine bleeding & bacterial infections
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16
Q

What kind of drug is Ulipristal? What is it used for?

A
  • Partial Progesterone agonist and weak glucocorticoid antagonist
  • emergency contraceptive for up to 5 days
17
Q

What are androgens used for? Side effects?

A
  • hypogonadism, chronic wasting associated with HIV & cancer, or to increase body mass/strength/endurance in athletes
  • Can cause virilization (hirsutism, alopecia, deep voice, acne) in women and feminization (at high doses) in men
  • Can cause liver failure, elevated LDL and decreased HDL, HTN
18
Q

Name the two 5a-reductase inhibitors. What kind of drugs are these? What are they used for? Side effects?

A
  • Finasteride and Dutasteride
  • Antiandrogens
  • “Finna end this BPH, Du end this BPH, so my ascanride”
  • Alopecia & decreased libido/ejaculation
19
Q

Name two androgen receptor blockers. What are they used for? Side effects?

A
  • “men that play the flut have no androgens and are bi-, so they probably have prostate cancer and liver toxicity but no libido”
  • Flutamide and Bicalutamide
  • Prostate cancer
  • decreased libido and Hepatotoxicity
20
Q

Name the first line ED medication, what kind of drug it is, and any potential side effects

A
  • Sildenafil: PGE5i analog, can cause low BP (so do NOT take with nitroglycerine or other vasodilators), blurred vision (and/or blue tinted vision- Cyanopsia)
21
Q

Name the 2nd line medication for ED, what kind of drug it is, and any potential side effects

A
  • Alprostadil: PGE1 analog, Priapism (long-lasting erections), localized pain and/or burning
22
Q

What class of drugs is the 1st line treatment for BPH? Name the two drugs

A
  • “sil-y tam-y is l-osin those alphas”
  • Alpha-1 Blockers
  • Silodosin and Tamsulosin

Pharmacology II (5 decks)

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