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AQA Biology unit 1 > B1.3 The Use and Abuse of Drugs > Flashcards

B1.3 The Use and Abuse of Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Why are drugs addictive?

A

They cause chemical changes in the body.

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2
Q

What happens when drug addicts do not use the drug?

A

They suffer withdrawal symptoms.

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3
Q

Give 2 examples of really addictive drugs.

A

Heroine and cocaine.

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4
Q

What are performance enhancing drugs?

A

Drugs that can improve a person’s performance in sport.

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5
Q

What do anabolic steroids do?

A

Increase muscle growth (making the athlete stronger).

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6
Q

What do stimulants do?

A

Increase heart rate (allowing glucose and oxygen to be transported to the muscles faster).

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7
Q

True or false? All performance enhancing drugs are illegal

A

False, some may be prescribed legally but all are banned by by sporting bodies.

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8
Q

Reasons against performance enhancing drugs.

A

An unfair advantage can be gained, serious health risk and not everyone can afford them.

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9
Q

Reasons for performance enhancing drugs.

A

Athletes have the right to make their own decisions and drug free sport isn’t fair as some people aren’t caught.

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10
Q

What do statins do?

A

Reduce the risk of heart and circulatory diseases.

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11
Q

True or false? Drugs developed by scientists do not have to be tested before use.

A

False, scientists are developing new drugs all the time and they have to be extensively tested before use.

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12
Q

Why do drugs have to be tested?

A

To make sure they work, are safe and to find out the best dosage.

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13
Q

What does the lab stage in drug testing consist of?

A

New medicinal drugs are first tested in the laboratory in human cells and tissues. Then they are tested on animals.

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14
Q

What happens after lab testing of drugs?

A

After lab testing, drugs are tested in clinical trials on healthy volunteers at low doses. They are then tested on ill volunteers.

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15
Q

Why are drugs tested on ill volunteers?

A

To find the optimum dosage of a drug.

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16
Q

What is a placebo?

A

A substance that is similar to the drug being tested, but it doesn’t do anything.

17
Q

In what stage of the drug testing process are placebos used?

A

In the clinical trials.

18
Q

Why are placebos used?

A

To make sure the drug actually works and the affect isn’t just psychological. People who take the placebo are used as a control group.

19
Q

What is a double blind trial?

A

Neither the doctor nor the volunteers know whether they are taking the actual drug or the placebo.

20
Q

What was thalidomide originally made for?

A

Use as a sleeping pill.

21
Q

What was thalidomide found to also do?

A

Relieve morning sickness in pregnant women.

22
Q

What was a problem with thalidomide being used to treat morning sickness?

A

It had not been tested on pregnant animals or foetuses, so it caused abnormal limb development in many babies and even death.

23
Q

What is thalidomide now used to treat?

A

Leprosy and some cancers.

24
Q

What happened as a result of the thalidomide disaster?

A

New drugs that were developed from that point onward were more extensively tested for different effects.

25
Q

What can illegal recreational drugs cause?

A

Heart and circulatory system problems.

26
Q

What effect can cannabis have on some people?

A

Increase the risk of developing mental health problems.

27
Q

Why do some people use recreational drugs?

A

Relaxation, enjoyment, stress relief and inspiration.

28
Q

Why is cannabis a ‘gateway’ and ‘stepping stone’ drug?

A

It can lead people to take harder drugs and brings people into contact with drug dealers.

29
Q

Why do legal drugs have a greater impact on society?

A

Far more people use them.

30
Q

Name 2 legal recreational drugs.

A

Nicotine and alcohol.

AQA Biology unit 1 (8 decks)

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