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Biology > B.1.3 Respiration > Flashcards

B.1.3 Respiration Flashcards

carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

1
Q

what is metabolism?

A

is the chemical reactions in the body’s cell that change food into energy

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2
Q

what do you need when your active?

A

energy

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3
Q

what do chemical reactions in your cells do?

A

transfer energy from its chemical stores into food

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4
Q

why does the body need carbohydrates(sugar)?

A

because glucose or blood sugar is the main source of energy for cells and organs

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5
Q

why does are body need carbohydrates(starch)?

A

it is a good source of energy and a main source of energy and a main source of a range of nutrients

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6
Q

why does the body need proteins?

A

they break down into amino acids that help the body grow and repair

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7
Q

why does the body need fats?

A

it stores energy as insulation and to make cell membrane

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8
Q

what foods are carbohydrates(sugar) found in?

A

sweets
fruits
desserts
veg
processed foods

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9
Q

what foods are carbohydrates(starch) found in?

A

potatoes
pasta
rice
bread
cereal

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10
Q

what foods are proteins found in?

A

meat
dairy
fish
eggs

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11
Q

what foods are fats found in?

A

animal fats
butter
milk
cheese

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12
Q

what are polymers?

A

very large molecules the large molecule are made from many smaller molecules (monomers) joined together

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13
Q

what monomers make carbohydrates?

A

glucose

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14
Q

what monomers make proteins?

A

amino acids

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15
Q

what monomers make fats?

A

glycerol + fatty acids

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16
Q

how does the body use carbohydrates?

A

provides energy

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17
Q

how does the body use proteins?

A

growth and repairs

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18
Q

how does the body use fats?

A

insulates

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19
Q

what is the name of the enzyme used to break down carbohydrates?

A

carbohydrase

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20
Q

what is the name of the enzyme used to break down proteins?

A

protease

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21
Q

what is the name of the enzyme used to break down fats?

A

lipase

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22
Q

what is the food test called for sugar?

A

benedict’s test

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23
Q

what is the food test called for starch?

A

iodine test

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24
Q

what is the food test called for proteins?

A

biuret test

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25
Q

what is the food test called for lipids?

A

Sudan III test

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26
Q

what chemicals are used to carry out the test for starch?

A

iodine solution

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27
Q

what chemicals are used to carry out the test for sugars?

A

benedict’s reagent

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28
Q

what chemicals are used to carry out the test for fats?

A

ethanol and distilled water

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29
Q

what chemicals are used to carry out the test for protein?

A

sodium hydroxide solution and copper sulphate solution

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30
Q

what colour change would happen if starch was present?

A

it would turn blue/black

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31
Q

what colour change would happen if sugar was present?

A

it would turn green/yellow/orange/red

32
Q

what colour change would happen if lipids were present?

A

cloudy white

33
Q

what colour change would happen if proteins were present?

34
Q

what is respiration?

A

the chemical reaction that takes place within the mitochondria an organelle in every cell to provide us with energy

35
Q

what is breathing?

A

the physical action of inhaling the oxygen our cells need for respiration and exhaling carbon dioxide a toxic waste product of respiration

36
Q

what is an importance substance that contains stored chemical energy?

A

glucose from digested carbohydrates

37
Q

what happens when glucose reacts with oxygen?

A

a lot of energy is released . this energy is then used by the cells and some is released by heat and new molecules are also formed

38
Q

what is aerobic respiration?

A

the process of releasing energy through the oxidation of glucose molecules

39
Q

what is oxidation?

A

a chemical process that involves the gain of oxygen. In aerobic respiration glucose molecules gain oxygen when we inhale(breath in)

40
Q

what is the aerobic respiration equation?

A

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

41
Q

why does the body break down glucose?

A

to release energy in a process called respiration

42
Q

what is the chemical equation for respiration?

A

C6H1206 +6O2 —>6CO2 + 6H20(ATP)

43
Q

what do cells use as an immediate source of energy?

A

small molecules called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

44
Q

how do larger molecules synthesise from smaller ones to make new cell material?

A

plants make amino acids from sugars, nitrates and other nutrients. In turn the amino acids from protein

45
Q

what do animals use for movement?

A

they use ATP to contract muscle cells enabling the organisms to move

46
Q

what do animals do when there surroundings are colder than they are?

A

they increase their rate of respiration

47
Q

what does increasing their rate of respiration do?

A

it transfers more energy by heating so that they can keep their body at a constant temperature

48
Q

where does respiration occur?

A

aerobic respiration occurs all the time in plant and animal cells

49
Q

what does aerobic respiration respiration provide?

A

provides organisms with a constant supply of energy

50
Q

where does respiration take place?

A

inside the mitochondria of a cell

51
Q

what is each chemical reaction that takes place during respiration controlled by?

A

a specific enzyme

52
Q

what does the number of mitochondria in a cell tell you?

A

how active a cell is

53
Q

what type of reaction is respiration?

A

an exothermic reaction

54
Q

why is respiration an exothermic reaction?

A

because during the process of respiration energy is transferred to the surroundings by heating

55
Q

in a marathon Mr Hist drinks Lucozade and Miss Martin drinks water.
who will do better and why?

A

in a marathon Mr Hist will do better because he will have more energy available during the run because the Lucozade is providing him with more glucose than the water Miss Martin is drinking. The glucose is broken down by respiration to release energy

56
Q

why does our heart rate increase as we do more exercise?

A

because our hearts have to beat faster so that our cells get the oxygen they need as quickly as possible.

57
Q

why do our cells need more oxygen and more nutrients?

A

because our cells are doing more work to produce the energy we need

58
Q

what is respiration?

A

the process that releases energy from food

59
Q

what is oxygen?

A

needed to release energy from glucose in the body

60
Q

what is carbon dioxide?

A

a poisonous waste product made when energy is released from food

61
Q

what is energy?

A

needed by our body to do everything

62
Q

when does anaerobic respiration occur?

A

when our cells don’t receive enough oxygen

63
Q

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose—>lactic acid

64
Q

what happens when there is a lack of oxygen?

A

glucose is only partially broken down so less ATP is produced

65
Q

what does the production of lactic acid cause?

A

cramps and muscle fatigue

66
Q

after exercise why does our heart beat faster?

A

to transport lactic acid to liver to be broken down

67
Q

why do we breath heavily after exercise?

A

so that enough oxygen can be taken in to break down the lactic acid

68
Q

what is the extra oxygen needed called ?

A

an oxygen debt

69
Q

what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in bacteria?

A

glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

70
Q

what is the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in bacteria?

A

C6H12O6—>2C2H5OH+CO2

71
Q

when does anaerobic respiration take place?

A

when no oxygen is available

72
Q

what does anaerobic respiration in microorganisms produce?

A

ethanol and carbon dioxide

73
Q

how can yeast respire without oxygen?

A

by using anaerobic respiration

74
Q

when yeast carries out fermentation what does it feed off?

A

a sugar called glucose

75
Q

what is fermentation used in?

A

alcohol, winemaking and brewing

Biology (5 decks)

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