B.1.3 Respiration Flashcards
carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
what is metabolism?
is the chemical reactions in the body’s cell that change food into energy
what do you need when your active?
energy
what do chemical reactions in your cells do?
transfer energy from its chemical stores into food
why does the body need carbohydrates(sugar)?
because glucose or blood sugar is the main source of energy for cells and organs
why does are body need carbohydrates(starch)?
it is a good source of energy and a main source of energy and a main source of a range of nutrients
why does the body need proteins?
they break down into amino acids that help the body grow and repair
why does the body need fats?
it stores energy as insulation and to make cell membrane
what foods are carbohydrates(sugar) found in?
sweets
fruits
desserts
veg
processed foods
what foods are carbohydrates(starch) found in?
potatoes
pasta
rice
bread
cereal
what foods are proteins found in?
meat
dairy
fish
eggs
what foods are fats found in?
animal fats
butter
milk
cheese
what are polymers?
very large molecules the large molecule are made from many smaller molecules (monomers) joined together
what monomers make carbohydrates?
glucose
what monomers make proteins?
amino acids
what monomers make fats?
glycerol + fatty acids
how does the body use carbohydrates?
provides energy
how does the body use proteins?
growth and repairs
how does the body use fats?
insulates
what is the name of the enzyme used to break down carbohydrates?
carbohydrase
what is the name of the enzyme used to break down proteins?
protease
what is the name of the enzyme used to break down fats?
lipase
what is the food test called for sugar?
benedict’s test
what is the food test called for starch?
iodine test
what is the food test called for proteins?
biuret test
what is the food test called for lipids?
Sudan III test
what chemicals are used to carry out the test for starch?
iodine solution
what chemicals are used to carry out the test for sugars?
benedict’s reagent
what chemicals are used to carry out the test for fats?
ethanol and distilled water
what chemicals are used to carry out the test for protein?
sodium hydroxide solution and copper sulphate solution
what colour change would happen if starch was present?
it would turn blue/black
what colour change would happen if sugar was present?
it would turn green/yellow/orange/red
what colour change would happen if lipids were present?
cloudy white
what colour change would happen if proteins were present?
purple
what is respiration?
the chemical reaction that takes place within the mitochondria an organelle in every cell to provide us with energy
what is breathing?
the physical action of inhaling the oxygen our cells need for respiration and exhaling carbon dioxide a toxic waste product of respiration
what is an importance substance that contains stored chemical energy?
glucose from digested carbohydrates
what happens when glucose reacts with oxygen?
a lot of energy is released . this energy is then used by the cells and some is released by heat and new molecules are also formed
what is aerobic respiration?
the process of releasing energy through the oxidation of glucose molecules
what is oxidation?
a chemical process that involves the gain of oxygen. In aerobic respiration glucose molecules gain oxygen when we inhale(breath in)
what is the aerobic respiration equation?
glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
why does the body break down glucose?
to release energy in a process called respiration
what is the chemical equation for respiration?
C6H1206 +6O2 —>6CO2 + 6H20(ATP)
what do cells use as an immediate source of energy?
small molecules called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
how do larger molecules synthesise from smaller ones to make new cell material?
plants make amino acids from sugars, nitrates and other nutrients. In turn the amino acids from protein
what do animals use for movement?
they use ATP to contract muscle cells enabling the organisms to move
what do animals do when there surroundings are colder than they are?
they increase their rate of respiration
what does increasing their rate of respiration do?
it transfers more energy by heating so that they can keep their body at a constant temperature
where does respiration occur?
aerobic respiration occurs all the time in plant and animal cells
what does aerobic respiration respiration provide?
provides organisms with a constant supply of energy
where does respiration take place?
inside the mitochondria of a cell
what is each chemical reaction that takes place during respiration controlled by?
a specific enzyme
what does the number of mitochondria in a cell tell you?
how active a cell is
what type of reaction is respiration?
an exothermic reaction
why is respiration an exothermic reaction?
because during the process of respiration energy is transferred to the surroundings by heating
in a marathon Mr Hist drinks Lucozade and Miss Martin drinks water.
who will do better and why?
in a marathon Mr Hist will do better because he will have more energy available during the run because the Lucozade is providing him with more glucose than the water Miss Martin is drinking. The glucose is broken down by respiration to release energy
why does our heart rate increase as we do more exercise?
because our hearts have to beat faster so that our cells get the oxygen they need as quickly as possible.
why do our cells need more oxygen and more nutrients?
because our cells are doing more work to produce the energy we need
what is respiration?
the process that releases energy from food
what is oxygen?
needed to release energy from glucose in the body
what is carbon dioxide?
a poisonous waste product made when energy is released from food
what is energy?
needed by our body to do everything
when does anaerobic respiration occur?
when our cells don’t receive enough oxygen
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose—>lactic acid
what happens when there is a lack of oxygen?
glucose is only partially broken down so less ATP is produced
what does the production of lactic acid cause?
cramps and muscle fatigue
after exercise why does our heart beat faster?
to transport lactic acid to liver to be broken down
why do we breath heavily after exercise?
so that enough oxygen can be taken in to break down the lactic acid
what is the extra oxygen needed called ?
an oxygen debt
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in bacteria?
glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
what is the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in bacteria?
C6H12O6—>2C2H5OH+CO2
when does anaerobic respiration take place?
when no oxygen is available
what does anaerobic respiration in microorganisms produce?
ethanol and carbon dioxide
how can yeast respire without oxygen?
by using anaerobic respiration
when yeast carries out fermentation what does it feed off?
a sugar called glucose
what is fermentation used in?
alcohol, winemaking and brewing