B13 :Reproduction

Question 1

what are the two ways of reproducing

Answer 1

sexual and asexual

Question 2

how many parents does asexual reproduction involve

Answer 2

1

Question 3

during asexual reproduction, how do cells divide

Answer 3

mitosis

Question 4

asexual reproduction means there is no…..

Answer 4

variation in offspring

Question 5

in the body, why do your cells asexually reproduce

Answer 5

growth and replacing worn-out tissues

Question 6

what does sexual reproduction involve

Answer 6

the fusion of gametes

Question 7

what does a male sex cell and female sex cell first form

Answer 7

zygote (really early baby)

Question 8

how are gametes formed?

Answer 8

meiosis

Question 9

does sexual reproduction have variation

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

what are the gametes in plants

Answer 10

egg cells and pollen

Question 11

what are the gametes in animals

Answer 11

ova (egg) and sperm

Question 12

what happens during meiosis

Answer 12

-the genetic information is copied so there are four sets of chromosomes. Each form a pair of chromatids
-Then, the cell divides twice quickly to form 4 gametes.
- each gamete has a single set of chromosomes

Question 13

how many chromosomes do human gametes have

Answer 13

23, join to form 46

Question 14

pros of asexual

Answer 14

-one parent needed, efficient
-faster

Question 15

cons of asexual

Answer 15

NO genetic variation

Question 16

cons of sexual

Answer 16

two parents needed, not efficient
slower

Question 17

pros of sexual

Answer 17

natural selection, surviving changes in environment

Question 18

how do fungi reproduce

Answer 18

asexually AND sexually

Question 19

what is fungi made of (thin threads)

Answer 19

hyphae

Question 20

gamete for fungi

Answer 20

haploid spores

Question 21

example of plant that reproduces asexually

Answer 21

runners and daffodils

Question 23

where do malarial parasites reproduce asexually

Answer 23

human liver and blood cells

Question 24

where do malarial parasites reproduce sexually

Answer 24

IN the red blood cell, due to the drop in temperature

Question 25

what does DNA stand for

Answer 25

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 26

what do the gene codes control

Answer 26

a sequence of amino acids that form a specific protein

Question 27

genome:

Answer 27

entire genetic material of the organism

Question 28

how does understanding the human genome help us

Answer 28

-understand inherited disorders -finding genes linked to different types of disease -understanding human evolution, finding common ancestors

Question 29

what is DNA made of

Answer 29

alternating sugar and phosphate sections

Question 30

what are the four compounds on DNA known as

Answer 30

bases

Question 31

what letters represent the bases

Answer 31

A,G,C,T

Question 32

combination of sugar, phosphate and base

Answer 32

nucleotide

Question 33

C-

Answer 33

G

Question 34

T-

Answer 34

A

Question 35

how do the templates for proteins get to the ribosomes

Answer 35

-leaves the nucleus through the pores in the cell membrane -binds to the ribosome -cytoplasm contains carrier molecules, each attached to specific amino acids. -the carrier molecules attach themselves to the template in the correct order. -amino acids join together to form protein -keeps going and makes a chain

Question 36

what happens once the protein chain is made

Answer 36

fold up to take the form of unique product (e.g active site)

Question 37

what are the non-coding parts of DNA involved in

Answer 37

switching genes on and off

Question 38

cons mutation

Answer 38

folds into a different function and cannot carry out necessary function

Question 39

pros mutation

Answer 39

may produce more efficient and stronger things.

Question 40

homozygote

Answer 40

two identical alleles (AA,aa)

Question 41

heterozygote

Answer 41

two different alleles (Aa)

Question 42

genotype

Answer 42

alleles present regarding a particular characteristic

Question 43

phenotype

Answer 43

physical appearance (e.g. blue eyes) result of genes

Question 44

why are Punnett squares not 100% accurate

Answer 44

it is only the predicted phenotypes, gametes carry random ones each time

Question 45

male and female sex chromosomes

Answer 45

m XY f XX

Question 46

extra fingers and toes disease

Answer 46

polydactyly

Question 47

is polydactyly recessive or dominant

Answer 47

dominant

Question 48

is cystic fibrosis recessive or dominant

Answer 48

recessive

Question 49

what does cystic fibrosis do

Answer 49

thick mucus around lungs, digestive system ect. pancreas cant secrete enzymes. infertility

Question 50

treatment of CF

Answer 50

antibiotics and physiotherapy

Question 51

enzymes use in CF

Answer 51

used to replace once that aren't made and thin the mucus

Question 52

how is a future way of helping genetic disease

Answer 52

genetic engineering

Question 53

what are the two main methods of screening embryos

Answer 53

-amniocentesis -chorionic villus sampling

Question 54

amniocentesis

Answer 54

15-16 weeks of pregnancy taking fluid from around fetus that contains fetal cells for genetic screening

Question 55

chorionic villus sampling

Answer 55

10-12 weeks of pregnancy small sample of tissue from placenta that provides fetal cells

Question 56

alternative way for pregnancy with inherited disease

Answer 56

IVF

Question 57

cons of embryo screening

Answer 57

-risk of miscarriage increases -can give false results -ethical issues if termination -expensive -rise of 'designer babies', wanting the perfect baby