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biology > B13 > Flashcards

B13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Identical offspring from one parent and no gametes are fused so no genetic info is mixed.

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2
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Two parents gametes fuse so therefore genetic info is mixed and produces off spring.

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3
Q

Mixing of genetic info leads to what?

A

Variation.

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4
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division which separates to produce 4 genetically different gametes.

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5
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division which separates to produce 2 genetically different gametes.

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6
Q

Define DNA.

A

a polymer made up of two strands forming a double helix.

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7
Q

Define genome.

A

Combination of alleles an organism has which contribute to the phenotype.

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8
Q

Name the bases that go together.

A

A&T

C&G

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9
Q

What is a polymer?

A

molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers that are linked together.

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10
Q

What are proteins?

A

Polymer molecules made from amino acids that have many roles including: enzymes, hair and haemoglobin.

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11
Q

How many chromosomes are there in one human?

A

23pairs

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12
Q

What is a gene?

A

A length of DNA that codes for a protein.

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13
Q

Define triplet.

A

Instruction to add one amino acid to protein.

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14
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

Small DNA molecule is made of.

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15
Q

Name the order in which you draw a genetic cross diagram.

A 
Parents
Genotype
Phenotype
Gametes
Punnet Square
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16
Q

Define zygote.

A

Forms from the fusion of gametes.

17
Q

Define allele.

A

Different variations of a gene.

18
Q

What is meant by dominant?

A

Alleles that are always expressed in the phenotype.

19
Q

What is meant by recessive?

A

Alleles that are only expressed in the phenotype if homozygous.

20
Q

Define phenotype.

A

Characteristics of an organism due to its genome or environment.

21
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

When the two alleles present are identical.

22
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

When the two alleles present are not identical.

23
Q

Name 2 inherited disorders.

A

Polydactyly

Cystic Fibrosis

24
Q

Explain polydactyly.

A

Born with extra fingers.

25
Q

Explain cystic fibrosis.

A

Affects many organs but mainly the lungs.

26
Q

Is polydactyly and cystic fibrosis dominant or recessive?

A

Polydactyly = dominant

Cystic Fibrosis = recessive

27
Q

Define genetic disease.

A

When a gene is faulty and makes a protein incorrectly and also can be inherited.

28
Q

What is screening for?

A

To identity genetic disorders.

29
Q

Describe pre natal screening.

A

Done during pregnancy to identify if the baby has any genetic disorders.

30
Q

Name the gamete of a plant.

A

Pollen.

biology (2 decks)

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