B12a DNA structure Flashcards
Where is the genetic information stored?
Nucleus
Name the chemcial found in the genetic material
DNA
Name the molecule shown in the picture
DNA
Name the shape of a DNA molecule
Double helix
Why is DNA described as a double helix?
Two strands
Twisted into a helix shape
Describe the shape of the molecule shown in the picture
Double helix
Define the term gene
Small section of DNA on a chromosome which codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein
Name the structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA
Chromosomes
Define the term genome
Entire genentic material of the organism
Why is a knowledge of the human genome important?
Improve medicine in the future
Search for genes linked to different types of disease
Understand and treat inherited disorders
Use to trace human migration patterns from the past
Name the four bases found in DNA
G (Guanine)
C (Cytosine)
T (Thymine)
A (Adenine)
How many different nucelotides are needed to make DNA?
4
Name the 3 chemical components of a DNA nuccleotide
Sugar
Phosphate group
Base
Name the structure shown in the diagram
Nucleotide
DNA is a polymer.
What does this mean?
Made of lots of nucelotides joined together
How many bases are needed to code for an amino acid
Three
What does the order of the bases on DNA code for?
The sequence of amino acids needed to produce a particular protein
The backbone of DNA consists of two groups.
What aret they?
Sugar and phosphate
To which molelcule in the DNA backbone is the base attached to?
Sugar
Whcih base is complementary to C (cytosine)
G (Guanine)
Which base is complementary to adenine?
T (thymine)
Name the sub-cellular strucutre on which proteins are made
Ribosome
Name three types of protein made in the cell
Hormone
Enzyme
Collogen
Describe how proteins are made in the cell
DNA in a gene unwinds to form 2 strands
One strad is copied to make messenger RNA (mRNA)
The mRNA diffuses into the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome
Ribsosome reads the code on the mRNA
Ribosme ensure that the cottect sequence of amno acids are joined together
To form a protein
How many amino acids are coded for by this piece of DNA?
Two
(Three bases are requito code for one amino acid)
The base sequnce in DNA can be changed.
What is this called?
Mutation
What happens to a protein once it has been made on the ribosome?
Folds to form a unique shape
This shape enables the protein to do its job
When do muttion occur?
Continuously
Most mutations change the protein made.
True or false
False
A mutation changes the shape of collagen
What effect will this have?
Shape of collagen changes
Collagen loses its strength
A mutation changes the shape of an enzyme.
What effect will this have in the cell?
Shape of active site changes
Substrate no longer fits in the active site
Enzyme does not function
Whst is the function of non-coding DNA?
Does not code for a protein
Can switch genes on and off
Mutations can change how genes are expressed
What change is made to the DNA in a mutation?
The base sequence
