B10 Cell division Flashcards
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA
Contain large number of genes
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that codes for a protein
How many chromosomes are found in a human body cell?
46 chromosomes
or
23 pairs of chromosomes
How many chromosomes are found in a human gamete (sperm and eggs)
23
What are the main stages of the cell cycle?
DNA replication
Mitosis
Cell division
Name two types of cell division
Mitosis
Meiosis
When is mitosis used?
Growth and repair
Produces genetically identical cells
When is meiosis used?
Produce gametes (sperm and eggs)
Describe what happens in mitosis
One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell
Nucleus dvides
Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
Two genetically identical cells are made
What happens in the cell before it divides?
Grows
Increase number of sub-cellular structures eg mitochondria, ribosomes etc.
DNA replicates
What is a stem cell?
Undifferentiated cell which is capable of producing lots of identical cells by mitosis.
What is special about the stem cells found in the embryo
Cells can be cloned
Cells can then differentiate into most different types of cell
Name two conditions that could be treated by using embryonic stem cells.
Diabetes
Paralysis
What is the function of stem cells in adult bone marrow?
Replace dead and damaged cells.
Eg blood cells
What is the function of the stem cells in plant meristems?
Mitosis
Cells then differentiate into any type of plant cell