B1.2 What makes a cancer prework Flashcards
What are the 4 phases of the cell cycle ?
Growth
DNA replication
Preparation to divide
Divide
What phase do cells decide in ?
M phase
What regulates the progression of cells to another phase ?
Proteins called cell cycle regulators (or checkpoint proteins)
What happens when there are mutations within these checkpoint proteins ?
Catastrophic damage which can lead to cancer
What is mitosis ?
The last phase of the cell cycle where the cell stops growing and divides into two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes
What is the check point in the M phase for cells to continue to progress to next stage ?
Sister chromatins attached to mitotic spindle
What happens in G1 phase and what are the check points for progression to next stage ?
Cell grows and prepares to replicate
Check point:
- No damaged DNA
- Sufficient resources
What is G0?
Where damaged cells enter due to cell death or resting state
What happens in S phase and what are the check points for progression to the next stage ?
Cell replicates its DNA. At the end of this phase the cell has two complete sets of chromosomes
Checkpoints:
- No errors during DNA replication
What happens in G2 and what are the checkpoints fro progression to the next stage ?
Cell continues to grow and is prepared fro division
Check point:
- DNA without damage
- Complete set of chromosomes
- Enough cell component
What are the most important cell cycle regulators ?
Cyclin dependant kinase (CDKs)
