B1.2 Responses To A Changing Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

What affect can too much water have on the body?

A

It can cause swellings and high blood pressure.

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2
Q

What is the term used to describe the process of keeping the internal environment stable?

A

Homeostasis.

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3
Q

What is sweat produced by?

A

Sweat glands.

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4
Q

What is a gland?

A

A part of the body that makes substances and then releases them.

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5
Q

What is the control of water in the body called?

A

Osmoregulation.

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6
Q

What is blood glucose regulation?

A

The control of the amount of glucose in the blood, it’s a crucial process as if the glucose concentration is too high/low you can become very ill.

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7
Q

What is the control of body temperature called?

A

Thermoregulation.

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8
Q

What is the hypothalamus?
What does it do?
How does it receive information?

A

It is a small part of the brain that constantly monitors temperature.
The hypothalamus receives information from nerve endings in the dermis of the skin about the temperature of the body. The hypothalamus also receives information about temperature from the blood.

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9
Q

What does the hypothalamus cause the muscles to do if the body temperature falls below 37 degrees?

A

The hypothalamus causes muscles to shiver, which release heat to warm the body up. It also reduces blood flow near the skin so that less heat is lost to the air.

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10
Q

How do the erector muscles in the skin help to preserve heat?

A

The hypothalamus cause the muscles to contract, causing the body hairs to stand upright. In humans this has little effect, but it is very useful in other animals.

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11
Q

How do the subaceous glands help to keep the skin in good condition?

A

They release oils to lubricate the skin ( at the bases of the hair) and keep it in good condition.

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12
Q

What does the hypothalamus do when the temperature exceeds 37 degrees?

A

Sweat is produced, and as it evaporates heat is transferred from the skin to the surroundings, cooling down the skin. Blood flow is also increased near the skin so that more heat is lost, causing the skin to look pinker.

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13
Q

What is vasoconstriction? Why does it take place?

What is vasodilation?

A

When it is cold, blood flow near to the skin reduces by narrowing the blood vessels closest to the surface.
The opposite process is called vasodilation and occurs when the body is too hot.

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14
Q

What is the control of the body temperature an example?

A

Negative feedback.

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15
Q

What do sense organs do?

A

They detect changes, both inside and outside of the body, a stimulus.

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16
Q

What is the internal environment?

A

The conditions inside the body, they must remain stable e.g the correct amount of water to allow substances to dissolve and reactions to occur.

17
Q

What are impulses?

A

Electrical signals created by the receptor cells that travel to the brain with information.

18
Q

What do electrical impulses travel along?

A

Neurones.

19
Q

What is the travelling/transmission of impulses called?

A

Neurotransmission.

20
Q

What is a dendron?

A

Extension of a neurone that carries the impulse to the cell body. It ends in many dendrites and is usually shorter than an axon.

21
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

The spinal cord and the brain, which process and control the transmission of electrical impulses.

22
Q

What are effectors?

A

Muscles and glands which carry out actions (response) based on the impulses sent.