B1.1 Classification,variation And Inheritance

Question 1

Characteristics

Answer 1

The features of an organism.

Question 2

What are the five kingdoms?

Answer 2

Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protoctista
Prokaryotae

Question 3

What are the characteristics of Animalia?

Answer 3

Multicellular;heterotrophic feeders so no chlorophyll; cell walls made of cellulose; complex cell structure with nucleus.

Question 4

What are the characteristics of Plantae?

Answer 4

Multicellular
Autotrophic feeders using chlorophyll
Cell walls made of cellulose
Complex cell structure with nucleus

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Fungi?

Answer 5

Multicellular
Cell walls not made of cellulose
Saprophytic feeders so no chlorophyll
Complex cell structure with nucleus

Question 6

What are the characteristics of Protoctista?

Answer 6

Mostly unicellular

Complex cell structure with nucleus

Question 7

What are the characteristics of Prokaryotae?

Answer 7

Unicellular

Simple cell structure with no nucleus

Question 8

Why is there no kingdom for viruses?

Answer 8

They are not considered as alive.
It can enter an organism and make copies of itself, changing the way that the cell works but the actual virus particle doesn’t show other life processes such as growth or feeding.

Question 9

What is a vertebrate?

Which phylum do vertebrates belong to and why?

Answer 9

An animal that has a backbone.

Chordata as they have a supporting rod that runs the length of the body.

Question 10

What is an invertebrate?

Answer 10

Animals without a backbone. They also belong to Chordata but are in a separate group to vertebrates.

Question 11

Name a characteristic which can be used to group vertebrates.

Answer 11

They way that they absorb oxygen for respiration e.g. fish use hills to take up oxygen from the water, whereas mammals, reptiles and birds have lungs.

Question 12

What is external fertilisation?
What is the name of the group that:
A) lay eggs
B) give birth to live young

Answer 12

External fertilisation is where the femal releases her eggs into water and and adult male releases sperm to fertilise it e.g. frogs.
A) oviparous
B) viviparous

Question 13

What is:
A) a homeotherm
B) a poikilotherm

Answer 13

A) an animal that keeps its own body temperature more constant and usually warmer than its surroundings by releasing heat from internal reactions.
B) an animal that’s body temperature varies with the temperature of its surroundings.

Question 14

What is a species?

Answer 14

A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. But, occasionally hybrids are produced which show characteristics of both parents e.g. a liger.

Question 15

What is the binomial system?

Answer 15

Latin names given to organisms. Organisms that share the same first word are closely related. It’s useful for scientist as scientists from any country can communicate.

Question 16

Classification

Answer 16

The process of sorting organisms into groups based on their characteristics.

Question 17

What is genetic variation?

Answer 17

Variation in characteristics caused by instructions in cells.

Question 18

What is environmental variation?

Answer 18

Differences between the characteristics of organisms caused by their environment.

Question 19

What is evolution?

Answer 19

Gradual change over a period of time.

Question 20

What is speciation?

Answer 20

The formation of a new species, such as when populations of a species are geographically separated and evolve until they are no longer capable of interbreeding e.g. Darwin’s mockingbirds on the Galápagos Islands.

Question 21

What are the three main parts of most cells?

Answer 21

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Question 22

What is a chromosome?

Answer 22

A long thread of DNA, each chromosome contains a series of genes along its length.

Question 23

An example of inherited variation is…

Answer 23

…different eye colour, which is caused by the genes we inherit from our parents.

Question 24

What is an allele?

Answer 24

Different forms of the same gene.

Question 25

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 25

Version of a gene (allele) that will always have an effect.

Question 26

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 26

Version of an allele that will only have an effect if the other allele is also recessive.

Question 27

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 27

If both alleles for a characteristic are different, the organism is heterozygous for that characteristic.

Question 28

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 28

If both allies for a characteristic are the same, the organism is homozygous for that characteristic.