B1.1.4 Enzymes

Question 1

the effect of increasing substrate concentration with non-competative inhibitors present is

Answer 1

the rate of reaction is reduced

Question 2

induced fit theory states

Answer 2

that the substrate induces the active site into changing shape to fit the substrate

Question 3

how do enzymes affect rate of reaction

Answer 3

enzymes lower activation anergy by bringing reactants in closer proximity = greater rate of reaction

Question 4

the highest rate of reaction for an enzyme is known as its

Answer 4

optimum

Question 5

what does denature mean

Answer 5

a permenant change in the enzymes structure

Question 6

how does concentration affect rate of reaction

Answer 6

greater concentration = more reactants = more collisions = greater rate of reaction

Question 7

enzymes are

Answer 7

globular proteins and biological catalysts

Question 8

non-competative reversible inhibitors

Answer 8

bind the enzyme permenantly preventing substrate binding

Question 9

which line shows what would happen if a competative inhibitor was present

Answer 9

line 1

Question 10

lock and key theory states

Answer 10

that the substrate fits into the active site perfectly

Question 11

how do higher than optimal temperature affect enzymes

Answer 11

bonds may be broken in the tertiary structure - active site changes shape - reduced ability to make enzyme substrate complexes

Question 12

enzyme + substrate =

Answer 12

Enzyme substrate complex

Question 13

how do lower than optimal temperatures affect enzymes

Answer 13

lower rate due to collision theory, enzyme unnafected

Question 14

High temperatures and extremes of pH may cause what

Answer 14

the enzyme to denature

Question 15

which line shows what would happen if a non-competative inhibitor was present

Answer 15

line 2

Question 16

how do higher or lower than optimal pH values affect enzymes

Answer 16

bonds may be broken in the tertiary structure - active site changes shape - reduced ability to make enzyme substrate complexes

Question 17

competative reversible inhibitors

Answer 17

bind active sites but unbind easily

Question 18

the 5 factors that affect enzyme controlled reactions are

Answer 18

temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, inhibitors

Question 19

the effect of increasing substrate concentration with competative inhibitors present is

Answer 19

the rate is reduced initially but eventually reaches optimal as the effect of the inhibitor is reduced due to the presentce of more substrate

Question 20

collision theory states that

Answer 20

for reactants to react into products they must collide with enough energy and in the correct orientation

Question 21

non-competative ireversible inhibitors

Answer 21

bind the enzyme preventing substrate binding but unbind easily

Question 22

what 4 factors affect the rate of reaction

Answer 22

temperature, pressure (only in gases), concentration, catalysts

Question 23

how does temperature affect rate of reaction

Answer 23

greater temperature = greater average kinetic energy = more collisions = greater rate of reaction

Question 24

a competative inhibitor works by

Answer 24

bonding in the same place as the substrate

Question 25

competative ireversible inhibitors

Answer 25

bind the active site permenantly

Question 26

a non-competative inhibitor works by

Answer 26

not bonding to the active site but changing the shape of it preventing substrate binding