B1.1.2

Question 1

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

No nucleus- genetic material floats around in the cytoplasm
Simple
Smaller than eukaryotic cells
1pum to 10pum (pu combined along with m = micrometers)
Bacterial cells (example)

Question 2

Bacteria definition

Answer 2

Bacteria are the smallest living organisms.

Question 3

Description of bacteria

Answer 3

• smallest living organisms
• living so carry out MRS GREN (the seven life processes)
• unicellular organisms (consist of just one cell)
• so every bacterial cell is only one cell

Question 4

MRS GREN

Answer 4

Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity

Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 5

Unicellular organisms

Answer 5

Consisting of only one cell

Like bacterial cells- prokaryotes are single celled organisms

Question 6

Examples of prokaryotes

Answer 6

E.coli
Streptococcus bacteria
Streptomyces bacteria

Question 7

E.coli

Answer 7

Causes food poisoning

Question 8

Streptococcus bacteria

Answer 8

Causes sore throats

Question 9

Streptomyces bacteria

Answer 9

Found in the soil
Antibiotic streptomycin comes from these bacteria
This antibiotic can kill many disease causing bacteria

Question 10

Sub cellular structures definition

Answer 10

The structures or organelles in the cell

Question 11

Sub cellular structures in prokaryotic cells

Answer 11

CELL WALL
CYTOPLASM
CELL MEMBRANE
GENETIC MATERIAL

Question 12

Why do some bacterial cells have more subcellular structures?

Answer 12

• Some bacteria need to adapt to their environment

- so they have extra subcellular structures

Question 13

Extra subcellular structures in prokaryotes

ALL

Answer 13

CELL MEMBRANE 
CELL WALL
CYTOPLASM 
GENETIC MATERIAL 
FLAGELLA 
PILI 
SLIME CAPSULES 
PLASMID

Question 14

Cell Wall

Answer 14

Made of peptidoglycan
Holds the cell together
And protects it
PEPTI-DOGLY-CAN

Question 15

Genetic Material

Answer 15

No nucleus so floats freely in the cytoplasm
One long strand of DNA called the bacterial chromosome
It’s normally circular

Question 16

Cell Membrane

Answer 16

A selective wall barrier
Controls which substances enter and leave the cell
(SAME AS EUKARYOTIC CELLS)

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

A jellylike substance where chemical reactions that keep the cell alive take place
(SAME AS EUKARYOTIC CELLS)

Question 18

Flagellum

Plural- Flagella

Answer 18

Tail-like structure that allows the cell to move through liquids
E.g. sperm cells have a flagellum to propel them forwards through liquids

Question 19

Pili

Answer 19

Tiny hairlike structures
Enables the cell to attach to structures
E.g. cells that line your digestive tract
Pili also used to transfer genetic material between bacteria

Question 20

Slime Capsule

Answer 20

Layer is outside the cell wall
Protects the bacterium from drying out
Protects from poisonous substances
Also helps the bacteria stick to smooth surfaces

Question 21

Plasmid

Answer 21

Along with genetic material already there
A circular piece of DNA
Used to store extra genes
These genes are normally not needed for the bacterium’s days to day survival
So instead used to help in times of stress
E.g. this is where antibiotic resistance genes are normally found- used to protects against antibiotics