B1.1.1 Flashcards
Subcellular structures definition
The structures inside a cell.
Eukaryotic cells
- contains genetic material in nucleus
- complex
- relatively large
- 10 to 100 pum (p and u combined- micrometers)
- plant and animal cells have eukaryotic cells
What does NDSAMT stand for?
Never Nucleus Dare Difficulty Stare Size At My Accurate Measurements Tits Types
Prokaryotic cells
- no nucleus so genetic material floats in the cytoplasm
- simple
- smaller than eukaryotic cells
- 1 to 10 pum (p and u combined- micrometer)
- bacterial cells (example)
Subcellular structures in eukaryotic cells
In both plants and animals
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
MITOCHONDRIA
CELL MEMBRANE
Why do plants need more subcellular structures than animals?
- plants cannot move
- they make their own food
- so they need extra subcellular structures
Subcellular Structures in eukaryotic cells
(Only plants) ALL
NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM CELL MEMBRANE CELL WALL MITOCHONDRIA CHLOROPLASTS VACUOLE
Cytoplasm
It is a jelly-like substance where all the chemical reactions that keep the cell alive take place
Cell membrane
A selective wall barrier
Controls which substances enter and leave (pass into and out of) the cell
Contains receptor molecules (to let the cell pick up a stimuli)
Nucleus
Controls cell activity
Contains organism’s genetic material (arranged as chromosomes)
Arrangement of chromosomes (the genetic material) determines the cell’s appearance and function
Nucleus contains information + instructions on making new cells and organisms (could be from the ribosomes and from transcription)
Mitochondrion
Plural- Mitochondria
Where respiration happens
Special protein molecules called enzymes enable (allow) glucose and oxygen to react together (respiration) to make carbon dioxide and water
Reactions transfer vital energy to the organism- respiration releases energy
Chloroplast
Only inside plants
Contains green chlorophyll
Chlorophyll transfers energy from the Sun to the plant as light (needed for photosynthesis)
Chlorophyll only in green parts of the plant
Cell Wall
Only in plants
Surrounds the cell
Made of tough fibre called cellulose
Makes the wall rigid
Supports the cell
Vacuole
Only in plants
Full of cell sap
Cell sap- watery, solution of sugar and salts
Keeps the cell rigid
Supports the plant and keeps it upright
Differences between vacuole and cell wall
Vacuole- keeps the cell rigid
Cell wall- keeps the wall rigid (the cellulose does)
Vacuole- supports the plant
Cell wall- supports the cell
Vacuole- keeps the plant upright
