B1.1 Keeping Healthy (Part 1/2 - B1.1.1 Diet + Exercise) Flashcards
Name the 7 nutrients needed to keep the body healthy.
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Water
- Fat
- Minerals
- Vitamins
- Fibre
What is one use of carbohydrates and where are they found?
- To release energy
- In starchy foods e.g pasta
What are two uses of proteins and where are they found?
- Cell growth
- Cell repair
- Meats, eggs, dairy foods
What are two uses of fats and where are they found?
- To keep you warm
- To release energy
- In fatty foods
What is one use of minerals and where are they found?
- To maintain health
- Salt, milk
What is one use of vitamins and where are they found?
- To prevent diseases
- Fruit and veg
What is one use of fibre and where are they found?
- Provide roughage
- Wholemeal bread, porridge
What is the use of water?
Needed for cells and body fluids
Define ‘metabolic rate’
How quickly chemical reactions are carried out in the body cells
Name 5 things that affect metabolic rate
- Size
- Inheritance
- Gender
- Amount of exercise
- Proportion of muscle to fat in the body
Define ‘malnourished’
Having an unbalanced diet
What 2 things should a healthy diet do?
- Have the right balance of the different foods you need - - Have the right amount of energy
Name 3 types of fats
- Saturated fats
- Mono-saturated fats
- Poly-unsaturated fats
Describe the effect of saturated fats and where they are found.
- They increase blood cholesterol levels
- Found in animal fats e.g butter, meat, cheese
Describe the effect of mono-saturated fats and where they are found.
- They reduce overall blood cholesterol levels and improve balance between HDLS and LDLS
- Found in oils, margarines, oily fish
Describe the effect of poly-saturated fats and where they are found.
- The same effect as mono-unsaturated fats but better
- Corn oil, sunflower oil
What deficiency disease does a lack of Vitamin C give and what are its symptoms?
Scurvy - spots on skin, bleeding gums
What deficiency disease does a lack of protein give and what are its symptoms?
Kwashikor - big belly
What deficiency disease does a lack of calcium give and what are its symptoms?
Osteoporosis - brittle bones
What deficiency disease does a lack of iron give and what are its symptoms?
Anaemia - unusual tiredness
What deficiency disease does a lack of Vitamin D give and what are its symptoms?
Rickets - soft bones
Name 4 symptoms of starvation.
- Periods stopping
- Body hair growth
- Lack of focus
- Immune deficiency
Name 4 obesity related health problems.
- Arthritis
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease
- Type 2 diabetes
Name 5 factors that increases the chance of getting type 2 diabetes.
- Obesity
- Faulty genes
- Bad diet
- Smoking
- Lack of exercise
How does type 1 diabetes occur?
Pancreas cells that make insulin are destroyed by the body’s immune system
What are LDLS?
Low Density Lipoproteins
They increase the risk of heart disease (“bad cholesterol”)
What are HDLS?
High Density Lipoproteins
They reduce the risk of heart disease (“good cholesterol”)
Describe how a person’s mass can be changed in terms of energy consumed and expended.
The less the energy content of the food they consume and the more energy expended (e.g increased exercise), the less a person’s mass
Name 3 genetic diseases.
- Cystic fibrosis
- Sickle cell anemia
- Hemophilia
What diseases come with old age?
- Arthritis
- Dementia
- Alzheimer’s
- Diabetes
- Asthma
- Cancers
- Heart disease
Describe 5 benefits of exercise.
- Stress relief : endorphins are released making you feel good
- Increase in metabolic rate
- Strengthening of muscles
- Reduced disease risk (e.g diabetes, heart disease, stroke)
- Reduced premature death risk
