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Biology Unit 1 > B1.1 Keeping Healthy (Part 1/2 - B1.1.1 Diet + Exercise) > Flashcards

B1.1 Keeping Healthy (Part 1/2 - B1.1.1 Diet + Exercise) Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 7 nutrients needed to keep the body healthy.

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Water
  • Fat
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins
  • Fibre
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2
Q

What is one use of carbohydrates and where are they found?

A
  • To release energy

- In starchy foods e.g pasta

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3
Q

What are two uses of proteins and where are they found?

A
  • Cell growth
  • Cell repair
  • Meats, eggs, dairy foods
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4
Q

What are two uses of fats and where are they found?

A
  • To keep you warm
  • To release energy
  • In fatty foods
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5
Q

What is one use of minerals and where are they found?

A
  • To maintain health

- Salt, milk

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6
Q

What is one use of vitamins and where are they found?

A
  • To prevent diseases

- Fruit and veg

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7
Q

What is one use of fibre and where are they found?

A
  • Provide roughage

- Wholemeal bread, porridge

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8
Q

What is the use of water?

A

Needed for cells and body fluids

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9
Q

Define ‘metabolic rate’

A

How quickly chemical reactions are carried out in the body cells

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10
Q

Name 5 things that affect metabolic rate

A
  • Size
  • Inheritance
  • Gender
  • Amount of exercise
  • Proportion of muscle to fat in the body
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11
Q

Define ‘malnourished’

A

Having an unbalanced diet

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12
Q

What 2 things should a healthy diet do?

A
  • Have the right balance of the different foods you need - - Have the right amount of energy
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13
Q

Name 3 types of fats

A
  • Saturated fats
  • Mono-saturated fats
  • Poly-unsaturated fats
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14
Q

Describe the effect of saturated fats and where they are found.

A
  • They increase blood cholesterol levels

- Found in animal fats e.g butter, meat, cheese

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15
Q

Describe the effect of mono-saturated fats and where they are found.

A
  • They reduce overall blood cholesterol levels and improve balance between HDLS and LDLS
  • Found in oils, margarines, oily fish
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16
Q

Describe the effect of poly-saturated fats and where they are found.

A
  • The same effect as mono-unsaturated fats but better

- Corn oil, sunflower oil

17
Q

What deficiency disease does a lack of Vitamin C give and what are its symptoms?

A

Scurvy - spots on skin, bleeding gums

18
Q

What deficiency disease does a lack of protein give and what are its symptoms?

A

Kwashikor - big belly

19
Q

What deficiency disease does a lack of calcium give and what are its symptoms?

A

Osteoporosis - brittle bones

20
Q

What deficiency disease does a lack of iron give and what are its symptoms?

A

Anaemia - unusual tiredness

21
Q

What deficiency disease does a lack of Vitamin D give and what are its symptoms?

A

Rickets - soft bones

22
Q

Name 4 symptoms of starvation.

A
  • Periods stopping
  • Body hair growth
  • Lack of focus
  • Immune deficiency
23
Q

Name 4 obesity related health problems.

A
  • Arthritis
  • High blood pressure
  • Heart disease
  • Type 2 diabetes
24
Q

Name 5 factors that increases the chance of getting type 2 diabetes.

A
  • Obesity
  • Faulty genes
  • Bad diet
  • Smoking
  • Lack of exercise
25
Q

How does type 1 diabetes occur?

A

Pancreas cells that make insulin are destroyed by the body’s immune system

26
Q

What are LDLS?

A

Low Density Lipoproteins

They increase the risk of heart disease (“bad cholesterol”)

27
Q

What are HDLS?

A

High Density Lipoproteins

They reduce the risk of heart disease (“good cholesterol”)

28
Q

Describe how a person’s mass can be changed in terms of energy consumed and expended.

A

The less the energy content of the food they consume and the more energy expended (e.g increased exercise), the less a person’s mass

29
Q

Name 3 genetic diseases.

A
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Hemophilia
30
Q

What diseases come with old age?

A
  • Arthritis
  • Dementia
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Diabetes
  • Asthma
  • Cancers
  • Heart disease
31
Q

Describe 5 benefits of exercise.

A
  • Stress relief : endorphins are released making you feel good
  • Increase in metabolic rate
  • Strengthening of muscles
  • Reduced disease risk (e.g diabetes, heart disease, stroke)
  • Reduced premature death risk

Biology Unit 1 (8 decks)

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