B11- Hormonal (Endocrine) Communication Flashcards
Glands
Release a substance (hormones, enzymes)
Testosterone
Produced in testicles
Hormones
They are chemical messangers which are produced by gland and trasported by blood (to a target organ they have an effect on).
Homeostasis
Response to a stimuli
Stabalize the bodys internal environment
pituitary gland
The pituitary gland in the brain is a ‘master gland’ which secretes several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions. These hormones in turn act on other glands to stimulate other hormones to be released to bring about effects.
pancreas
Produces glucagon which increases blood sugar levels to return it to normal level
Produces insulin which lowers blood sugar levels
thyroid
Thyroxine from the thyroid gland stimulates the basal metabolic rate. It plays an important role in growth and development.
adrenal gland
Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands in times of fear or stress. It increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, preparing the body for ‘flight or fight’.
ovary
teste
Testosterone is the main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and it stimulates sperm production.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is composed of glands which secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream. The blood carries the hormone to a target organ where it produces an effect. Compared to the nervous system the effects are slower but act for longer.
Hormones invoved in the menstral cycle
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes maturation of an egg in the ovary.
• Luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates the release of the egg.
• Oestrogen and progesterone are involved in maintaining the uterus lining.
Must know
Students should be able to compare Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and explain how they can be treated.
Students should be able to extract information and interpret data from graphs that show the effect of insulin in blood glucose levels in both people with diabetes and people without diabetes.
Students should be able to explain how insulin controls blood glucose (sugar) levels in the body.
Students should be able to explain the roles of thyroxine and adrenaline in the body.
Students should be able to explain the use of hormones in modern reproductive technologies to treat infertility this includes giving FSH and LH in a ‘fertility drug’ to a woman. She may then become pregnant in the normal way.
Students should be able to evaluate the different hormonal and non- hormonal methods of contraception.
Students should be able to extract information and interpret data from graphs that show the effect of insulin in blood glucose levels in both people with diabetes and people without diabetes.
Must know (HT)
(HT only) If the blood glucose concentration is too low, the pancreas produces the hormone glucagon that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood.
(HT only) Students should be able to explain how glucagon interacts with insulin in a negative feedback cycle to control blood glucose (sugar) levels in the body.
(HT only) Students should be able to explain the interactions of FSH, oestrogen, LH and progesterone, in the control of the menstrual cycle.
(HT only) Students should be able to extract and interpret data from graphs showing hormone levels during the menstrual cycle.
