B11 - Hormonal Coordination Flashcards
What is ADH?
anti-diuretic hormone that helps control the water balance of the body and affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney
What is adrenaline?
Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands above the kidneys, it is a hormone that prepares the body for flight or fight
What is contraception?
Methods of preventing pregnancy which usually involves preventing sperm and egg from meeting
What is the endocrine system?
The endocrine system is made up of the glands that produce hormones that control many aspects of the development and metabolism of the body, and the hormones they produce
What is follicle stimulating hormone?
FSH is a hormone that causes the eggs to mature in the ovary
What is glucagon?
Hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels
What are hormones?
Chemicals produced in one area of the body of an organism that have an effect on the functioning of another area of the body. In animals hormones are produced in glands
What is insulin?
hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels
What is oestogen?
Female sex hormone that controls the development of secondary sexual characteristics in girls at puberty, and the build-up and maintenance of the uterus lining during the menstrual cycle
What are ovaries?
Female sex organs that produce eggs and sex hormones
What is ovulation?
The release of a mature egg (ovum) from the ovary
What is the pituitary gland?
Endocrine “master gland” found in the brain that secretes a number of different hormones into the blood in response to different conditions to control other endocrine glands in the body
What is testosterone?
The main male sex hormone that controls the male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty and the production of sperm
What is type 1 diabetes?
A disroder where the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin
What is type 2 diabetes?
A disorder where the body cells no longer responds to the insulin produced by the pancreas
What happens if a healthy person has low blood sugar levels?
The pancreas secretes glucagon which stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver, converting it back to glucose. In tis way, the stored glucose is released back into the blood - raising the blood sugar levels
What happens if a healthy person has high blood sugar levels?
The pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin. Insulin stimulates the glucose uptake from the blood by cells, and the formation of glycogen from glucose. In this way, the blood sugar levels are lowered
Explain fully the role of FSH?
Follicle stimulating hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland. It makes eggs mature in their follicles in the ovaries. It also stimulates the ovaries to produce oestogen
Explain fully the role of Oestrogen:
Oestrogen is made and excreted by the ovaries in response to FSH. It stimulates the lining of the uterus to grow again after menstruation in preparation for pregnancy. High levels of oestrogen inhibit the production of more FSH and stimulate the release of LH
Explain fully the role of LH:
Luteinising hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of a mature egg from the ovary. Once ovulation has taken place, LH levels fall again. LH inhibits the production of more oestrogen and stimulates the production of progesterone
Explain fully the role of progesterone:
Progesterone is secreted by the empty egg follicle in the ovary after ovulation. It is one of the hormones that helps to maintain a pregnancy if the egg is fertilised. Progesterone inhibits both FSH and LH and it maintains the lining of the uterus in the second half of the cycle, so it is ready to receive a developing embryo if the egg is fertilised. If fertilisation does not happen, then progesterone levels fall and the uterus lining pulls away, causing a new cycle to begin
Why is the endocrine system needed if animals already have a nervous system?
The endocrine system helps long-term changes happen within the body over a longer period of time, over days or even years rather than second to second or minute to minute
Explain how the endocrine system works:
The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream. The blood carries the hormone to its target organ where it produces an effect. The target organ has receptors on the cell membranes that pick up the hormone molecules, triggering a response in the cell
What is the main role of hormones produced by the pituitary gland?
*Controls growth in children
*Stimulates the thyroid gland to made thyroxine to control the rate of metabolism
*Stimulates the sexual organs to produce hormones