B11: Hormonal Coordination

Question 1

Describe the endocrine system

Answer 1

Glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream and the blood carries the hormone to the target organ. This produces an effect

Question 2

How does the endocrine and the nervous system differ?

Answer 2

Endocrine effects are slower but last longer

Question 3

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 3

The ‘master gland’ which secretes several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions

Question 4

What are the 6 endocrine glands?

Answer 4

Testes, ovaries, pituitary gland, pancreas, adrenal and thyroid

Question 5

Which endocrine gland monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?

Answer 5

Pancreas

Question 6

What would happen if the blood glucose is too high?

Answer 6

The pancreas produces insulin that causes glucose to move from the blood into the cells. In the liver and muscle cells, excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage

Question 7

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Answer 7

In type 1, the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin, whereas type 2 occurs if the body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas.

Question 8

What are treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Answer 8

Insulin injections are used for type 1 and for type 2, an exercise regime or a carbohydrate controlled diet is recommended.

Question 9

What is obesity a risk factor for?

Answer 9

Type 2 diabetes

Question 10

What would happen if blood glucose is too low?

Answer 10

The pancreas produces glucagon that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

Question 11

How often is an egg released?

Answer 11

Every 28 days

Question 12

What is the function of FSH and LH

Answer 12

FSH causes maturation of egg whilst LH stimulates the release of an egg

Question 13

What is the function of oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 13

Maintaining the uterus lining

Question 14

What forms of contraception slow the release of progesterone to inhibit the maturation of eggs?

Answer 14

Implant, skin patch and injection

Question 15

What is puberty?

Answer 15

Period in which adolescents develop secondary sex features

Question 16

What does FSH stimulate and inhibit?

Answer 16

Stimulates oestrogen only

Question 17

What does oestrogen stimulate and inhibit?

Answer 17

Stimulates LH and inhibits FSH

Question 18

How does progesterone help prevent pregnancy?

Answer 18

Produces thick mucus to prevent sperm from entering uterus via cervix

Question 19

What are disadvantages of the pill?

Answer 19

Causes headaches and nausea

Question 20

What is a disadvantage of the diaphragm contraceptive?

Answer 20

Not always reliable, so must include spermicide

Question 21

What are pros of IVF?

Answer 21

Baby can be had

Question 22

What are cons of IVF?

Answer 22

Does not always work, stressful and pain with vomitting

Question 23

Why are embryos kept in an incubator in IVF?

Answer 23

To provide optimum temperature for enzymes and therefore cell growth

Question 24

Why is IVF considered unethical?

Answer 24

Leads to designer babies and some embryos are destroyed

Question 25

What are 3 functions of adrenaline?

Answer 25

Increases blood flow, increases heart rate and increases blood pressure

Question 26

What is the negative feedback loop for thyroxine?

Answer 26

If it is too low, the pituitary gland secretes TSH which stimulate thyroxine production

Question 27

What are 3 functions of auxin

Answer 27

Stimulates growth, rooting powder and kill weeds

Question 28

What are 3 functions of gibberellin?

Answer 28

Control dormancy, induce flowering and increase fruit size

Question 29

What is the function of ethene?

Answer 29

Stimulates ripening of fruit