B1.1 Cell structures

Question 1

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

One of the main types of cells. They do not contain a nucleus therefore its genetic material floats around in the cytoplasm. They are usually simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells as their sizes range from 1 micro metre to 10 micro metres. An example of this type of cell is bacteria cells.

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

They are one of the main types of cells. Its genetic material is in the nucleus. They are large and complex as their sizes range from 10 micro metres to 100 micro metres. Examples of this type of cell are animal cells and plant cells.

Question 3

Bacteria

Answer 3

Bacteria are unicellular organism meaning they consist of just one cell. Each cell can carry out the seven life processes: nutrition, excretion, sensitivity, movement, growth, reproduction and respiration. They have pili to be able to swim around and they don’t have nucleus so their genetic material floats in the cytoplasm.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

This is where the activities of the cell occurs. The genetic material is arranged into chromosomes, this determines the function and appearance of the cell.

Question 5

Cell wall

Answer 5

Found in plant cells to support the plant and keep it rigid

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

It is a selective barrier that controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 7

Unicellular organisms

Answer 7

Organisms that contain only one cell, for example bacteria.

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

In plant cells, it contains a sugary- salt solution called cell sap that gives the cell support.

Question 9

Advantages and disadvantages of Light microscope

Answer 9

It allows you to observe small objects in detail. It is cheap, able to be transported and easy and simple to set up. Also, the organism you are observing can be living or dead.

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Where respiration happens

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Where important reactions that keep the cell alive happen

Question 12

Chloroplasts

Answer 12

Found in plant cells. They contain a green pigment called chloroplast. This transfers light from the sun to the cell and is used in photosynthesis.

Question 13

Advantages and disadvantages of electron microscope

Answer 13

You are able to see structures in great detail. But they are very expensive and large and complex to set up and transport. The specimens you observe needs to be dead.