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Biology > B1.1-B1.2 > Flashcards

B1.1-B1.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the smallest form of carbohydrate?

A

Monosaccharides

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2
Q

What are the monomers of triglyceride lipids

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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3
Q

What are Lipids?

A

Molecules that are oils at warmer temperatures and fats at cooler temperatures

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4
Q

What is a function of these molecules

A

To store energy, lipids store twice the chemical energy than carbohydrates.

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4
Q

What elements are common within living organisms?

A

Phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen- often form bonds with carbon

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5
Q

Common functional groups?

A

OH- hydroxyl
NH2- amino/amine
COOH- carboxyl
H2PO4-phosphate

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6
Q

What are the subcategories of carbohydrates? and what are example molecules?

A

Monosaccrahyide (Glucose, galactose, ribose), Disaccharide (maltose, lactose), Polysaccrahide ( starch, cellulose, glycogen)

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7
Q

What are the subcategories of Lipids? and what are example molecules?

A

Triglyceride- Fat stored in adipose cells
Phospholipids- lipids forming bilayer in cell membrane
Steroids- Some hormones

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7
Q

What are example molecules of proteins?

A

enzymes, amino acids

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8
Q

How does digestion occur?

A

Breaks down macromolecules due to hydrolysis reactions which can break covalent bonds. they are then an appropriate size to be absorbed into the blood stream. DNA in a body cells directs condensation reactions to produce a specific protein from the amino acid

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8
Q

What are the subcategories of nucleic acids? and what are example molecules?

A

Nucleotides- DNA RNA

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9
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Made of smaller molecules called monomers

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10
Q

What is formed in a condensation reaction?

A

A water molecule.

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11
Q

What happened in a hydrolysis reaction

A

a water molecule gets split and added into the new smaller molcules.

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12
Q

condensation of many glucose molecules to form a polysaccharide( startch)

A

Glucose= Starch + water

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12
Q

Whats the formula for a condensation reaction of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

A

Glucose + Galactose = Lactose + water

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13
Q

Condensation of nucleotide components to form DNA or RNA

A

Phosphate group + pentose sugar + nitrogenous base = nucleotide + 2 water

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13
Q

Condensation of amino acids to form a polypeptide

A

Amino acids= protein + water

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14
Q

When two amino acids break apart losing water molecule form a what?

A

Peptide bond

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15
Q

What always happens in a hydrolysis reaction

A

Water is always split

16
Q

What are the digestive enzymes called?

A

Hydrolysing enzymes

17
Q

What is an example of a Pentose monosaccharide

A

Ribose

18
Q

What is an example of a hexose monosaccharide

A

Glucose

19
Q

What are properties of glucose molecules

A

Molecular stability- covalent bonds don’t break easy
High solubility in water- glucose is polar
Easily transportable- Cause solubility
Yields a great deal of chemical energy

20
Q

What is starch?

A

A ploysaccarhidie made up of hundreds of glucose monomers

21
Q

What do bonds do plants use between glucose molecules?

A

Alpha 1-4 linkage and Alpha 1-6 linkage

22
Q

What is amylose?

A

Carbon 1 is bonded to carbon 4 of the adjoining glucose . the resulting molecule will be linear but in a helix shape

23
Q

What is amylopectin?

A

1-6 linkage with branchs

24
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A polysaccharide made of glucose monomer in a similar pattern to amylopectin. glycogen reserves are kept within our liver and muscle tissue.

24
Q

Starch and glycogen use what type of glucose?

A

Alpha form

25
Q

Cellulose uses what type of glucose? ( primary component in cell walls)

A

Beta form

26
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

To act as a structural molecule in nature

27
Q

What are the functions of membrane proteins?

A

-Cell to cell communication
-Transport molcules in and out of the cell
-Cell to cell adhesion
-Catalyst as a result of enzymes sticking to cell membrane
- recognition of body cells versus non body cells

28
Q

Lipids are known as what?

A

Triglycerides- one glycerol and three fatty acids formed through condensation reactions.

28
Q
A
28
Q

What are saturated fatty acids?

A

Fatty acids that contain single bonds between the carbon- relatively high melting point, solid at room temperature

28
Q

What determines a persons ABO blood type?

A

The glycoproteins on the surface of a red blood cell

29
Q

Antigens?

A

A and B proteins

30
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A

Tissue that is composed of cells that store fat in triglycerides

31
Q
A
31
Q

What are monosaturated fatty acids?

A

Fatty acids that have one double bond between carbons and the hydrocarbon chain. -liquid at room temp

32
Q

What are polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A

More than one double bond in the hydrocarbon chain- liquid at room temperature

33
Q
A
33
Q
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34
Q
A
35
Q
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35
Q
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36
Q
A
37
Q
A

Biology (4 decks)

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