B1 You and Your Genes

Question 1

What are Chromosomes?

Answer 1

Chromosomesare structures found in the nucleus of most cells

Question 2

What form our chromosomes found in?

Answer 2

They consist of long strands in the form of a double helix

Question 3

What is variation?

Answer 3

difference between individuals of the same species

Question 4

Where are genes found?

Answer 4

inside the nucleus of every cell

Question 5

What occur in long strings called chromosomes?

Answer 5

Genes

Question 6

The proteins formed inside a cell can be….

Answer 6

structural proteins and functional proteins

Question 7

What are structural proteins?

Answer 7

for cell growth or repair

Question 8

name an example of a structural protein

Answer 8

collagen

Question 9

What are functional proteins?

Answer 9

used to speed up chemical reactions

Question 10

name an example of a funtional protein

Answer 10

enzymes such as amylase

Question 11

What is an allele?

Answer 11

a gene with different versions

Question 12

You can inherit two alleles that are the same; this is called….

Answer 12

homozygous

Question 13

You can inherit two alleles that are different; this is called…..

Answer 13

heterozygous

Question 14

what is genotype?

Answer 14

the combination of alleles you have

Question 15

What is phenotype?

Answer 15

actual characteristics shown

Question 16

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 16

controls the development of a characteristic, even if its present on only one chromosome in a pair

Question 17

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 17

controls the development of a characteristic only if a dominant allele isn’t present. e.g. the recessive allele is on both chromosome in a pair.

Question 18

How are animal cells artificially produced? (Cloning)

Answer 18

The nucleus is first removed from an adult body cell and put into one of another sheep which is unfertilised
The new individual will have the exact same genetic information as the donor.

Question 19

How do animals clone naturally?

Answer 19

The cells of an embryo sometimes seperate , the two new embryos develop into identical twins.

Question 20

What are the steps of cell division in asexual reproduction.

Answer 20

Chromosonsel cell with two pairs of chromosomes.

2) Each Chromosone replicates itself
3) the copies are pulled apart? Cell now divides for the only time.
4) Each ‘daughter’ cell has the same number of chromosomes and contains the same genes as the parental cell.

Question 21

How do plants naturally clone?

Answer 21

When they form bulbs or runners