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GCSE Biology > B1 - You and your genes > Flashcards

B1 - You and your genes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four bases

A

Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine and Adenine

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2
Q

What is BB

A

Homozygous

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3
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

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4
Q

What is a codon

A

3 bases which code for 1 amino acid

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5
Q

What are the three types of mutation

A

insertion, substitution, and deletion

silent you cant tell

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6
Q

What is chorionic villus

A

Your stomach is cleaned with antiseptic, then numbed. A needle is inserted into the womb where a syringe takes a cell sample from the placenta

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7
Q

How long into pregnancy can you have chorionic villus testing?

A

10-12 weeks

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8
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

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9
Q

What does prokaryotic mean

A

No nucleus

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10
Q

What does eukaryotic mean

A

Has a nucleus

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11
Q

What is a heterotroph

A

Something that gets their energy from other organisms

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12
Q

What is autotrophs

A

Organisms which can produce their own food (by getting energy from sun)

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13
Q

What are protists

A

A few are pathogens, for example malaria

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14
Q

Is a virus living

A

No

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15
Q

What makes something a parasite

A

Something which can’t reproduce without another organism

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16
Q

Are fungi multi or unicellular

A

Both

17
Q

What is a saprotrophs

A

Mushrooms secrete enzymes onto their food, without ingesting it. They then absorb the nutrients externally

18
Q

What are organelles

A

Sub cellular strctures

19
Q

What is the ribosome, and in which cell is it found

A

Responsible for protein synthesis, found both plant and animal cells

20
Q

What is the mitochondria and in which cell is it found

A

Provides the cell energy, and is found in both animal and plant cells

21
Q

What is the nucleus and where is it found

A

Holds the genetic information, and is found in both animal and plant cells

22
Q

What is the cytoplasm and which cell is it found it

A

The jelly where chemical reactions take place, found in both animal and plant cells

23
Q

What is the cell membrane and which cell is it found it

A

Controls which substances go in and out of the cell, and is found in both animal and plant cells

24
Q

What is the permanent vacuole, and which cell is it found in

A

Big sack which holds sugar and water and stuff, found in plant cells

25
Q

What is the cell wall, and which cell is it found in

A

Made from cellulose, very strong, found in plant cells

26
Q

What is the chloroplast, and which cell is it found in

A

Responsible for photosynthesis, found in plant cells

27
Q

What are in bacterial cells, which is in common with plant and animal cells

A

Ribosome
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm

28
Q

Where to bacterial cells store their DNA

A

In a single, circular strand of DNA, with extra genetic material stored in plasmids, which float around in the cell

29
Q

What are flagella

A

The long tail like strands of bacteria, which are responsible for propelling it

30
Q

What does GM stand for

A

Genetically modified

31
Q

What are 2 pros of genetic engineering

A

We can produce crops with desirable characteristics
This is very important for developing countries

32
Q

What is a vector in genetics

A

A vector is either a virus, or a bacterial plasmid, which can be fused with the desirable trait, and then introduced to the organism, so it will start to produce the gene

33
Q

What proteins are made in mitochondria

A

Enzymes

34
Q

Do bacteria have a cell wall

A

yes

35
Q

what dna is contained in the plasmid?

A

DNA which is not used regularly by the bacteria, e.g antibiotic resistance

36
Q

What is the loop of DNA in bacteria called

A

A DNA strand

37
Q

in bacteria, what is cell division also called

A

Asexual reproduction

38
Q
A

GCSE Biology (7 decks)

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