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PE - Skill Aquisition > B1 Skill, continua, transfer > Flashcards

B1 Skill, continua, transfer Flashcards

1
Q

What is a skill?

A

a learned action/ behaviour with intention of bringing about predetermined results with a minimum outlay of time and energy

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2
Q

What is an ability?

A

inherited from your parents, is a stable trait which determines and individuals potential to learn/acquire a skill
underpins a skill

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3
Q

Example of a skill?

A

rugby player passing ball
free throw in basketball

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4
Q

Example of ability?

A

gymnast on beam showing balance

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5
Q

What is a simple skill?

A

requires few decisions when being performed
little information to process
few sub-routines
habitual

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6
Q

What is a complex skill?

A

requires decision making using lots of information
a number of sub-routines

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7
Q

What is an open skill?

A

occur in variable and unpredictable environments.
perceptional
externally paced
decision making

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8
Q

What is a closed skill?

A

occur in fixed and predictable situations.
self-paced
habitual
limited information processing

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9
Q

What is a self-paced skill?

A

performer controls the start and speed of a skill
no external factors
usually closed skills

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10
Q

What is an externally-paced skill?

A

performer has no control over the start or speed of the skill
reacting to environment factors
usually open skills

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11
Q

What is a gross skill?

A

uses large muscle groups
not very precise
balistic

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12
Q

What is a fine skill?

A

uses smaller muscle groups
high levels of hand eye coordination
small, precise movements
intricate

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13
Q

What is a high organisation skill?

A

difficult to break down into sub-routines
often flowing when performed

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14
Q

What is a low organisation skill?

A

easy to break down into sub-routines

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15
Q

What is a discreet skill?

A

a clear beginning and end

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16
Q

What is a serial skill?

A

a number of discrete joined together

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17
Q

What is a continuous skill?

A

an unclear beginning and end

18
Q

Example of a self-paced skill

A

golf swing

19
Q

Example of externally-paced skill

A

receiving badminton serve, only start returning shot after opponent has performed serve
catching in cricket

20
Q

Example of a gross skill

A

sprinting
shot putt

21
Q

Example of a fine skill

A

archery
spinning cricket ball

22
Q

Example of an open skill

A

rugby pass

23
Q

Example of a closed skill

A

tennis serve

24
Q

Example of a complex skill

A

passing in football

25
Q

Example of a simple skill

A

weightlifting

26
Q

Example of a high organisation skill

A

sprinting

27
Q

Example of a low organisation skill

A

throwing javelin

28
Q

Example of a discreet skill

A

free shot in basketball

29
Q

Example of a serial skill

A

diving/triple jump

30
Q

Example of a continuous skill

A

dribbling basketball, running, cycling

31
Q

What is transfer?

A

the influence of one skill on another
it can be a help or hindrance to performance

32
Q

What is negative transfer?

A

one skill hinders another

33
Q

What is positive transfer?

A

one skill helps another

34
Q

What is proactive transfer?

A

a previously learnt skill has an impact on a newly learnt skill

35
Q

What is retroactive transfer?

A

a newly learnt skill has an impact on a previously learnt skill

36
Q

What is bilateral transfer?

A

being able to do skill with both sides of body

37
Q

What is zero transfer?

A

no effect on learning

38
Q

What is an example of positive transfer?

A

cricket throw / baseball pitch
tennis serve / volleyball spike

39
Q

What is an example of negative transfer?

A

tennis serve / badminton return (badminton = more wrist)
hockey hit / golf drive

40
Q

What is an example of bilateral transfer?

A

kicking with both feet
tackling with right/left shoulder

41
Q

How can positive transfer be optimised?

A

make practices game related + realistic
explain / point out similarities
teach similar skills together
positive reinforcement and praise
teach fundamental skills first
build sub-routines progressively

42
Q

How can negative transfer be reduced?

A

explain / point out differences
teach different skills apart
punish / reinforce behaviour don’t want
ensure incorrect skills not learnt

PE - Skill Aquisition (4 decks)

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