B1 recap Flashcards
What is Magnification
How many times bigger the image of a specimen observed is in compared to the actual (real-life) size of the specimen
How do you calculate the total magnification
eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification = total magnification
What is the magnification of the eyepiece lens
10x
What is resolution
the shortest distance between two points that can still be distinguished as two separate entities.
What is the field of view in a microscope
The circular area you see in a light microscope
How many millimetres in a metre
10^3
How many micrometres in a metre
10^6
HOw many nanometres in a metre
10^9
How many picometres in a metre
10^12
What is the role of cytoplasm in an animal cell
A jelly like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.
What is the role of the nucleus in an animal cell
Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities
What is the role of cell membrane in an animal cell
It is permeable to some substances but not to others so it controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is the role of mitochondria in an animal cell
Organelles that contains the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.
What is the role of ribosomes in an animal cell
Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.
What is the role of chloroplast in a plant cell
Organelle that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.
what is the role of a cell wall in a plant cell
Plant and bacterial cell walls provide structure and protection. Only plant cell walls are made from cellulose.
What is the role of a permanent vacuole in a plant cell
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell swollen.
How do you make a slide of plant or animal tissues and examine it using a microscope
- Collect a tissue of pieces of cells.
- Collect a small specimen of cells
- Add a drop of methyl blue on the centre of the microscope slide.
- Place your specimen on the drop of methyl blue.
- Use a toothpick to slowly lower a coverslip onto the specimen.
- Examine your specimen under a microscope. Start with the lowest magnification and work your way up
Where are ciliated epithelial cells found and what is their role?
They line the small intenstine and absorb small food molecules produced by digestion
How are ciliated epithelial cells adapted for their function
They are adapted by having microvilli which increases the surface area of the cell. They increase the surface area of the cell. The more area for molecules to be absorbed, the faster absorption happens.
What is the role of gametes
Gametes fuse with sperm cells to create embryos
What are Human Gametes
Human Gametes are the egg cell and sperm cell
What is a Diploid cell
Contains 2 copies of 23 different types of chromosomes.
What is a haploid cell
Contains one copy o23 different types of chromosomes
What is an Acrosome (located in the tip) in a sperm cell
An acrosome contains enzymes that break down substances in the egg cell’s jelly coat, allowing the sperm to bury inside
What is the midpiece containing mitochondria in a sperm cell
A large number of mitochondria is in the midpiece and is arranged in a spiral around the top of the tail to release a lot of energy to power the tail
what is the role of the tail in a sperm cell
The tail enables the sperm cell to swim
What is the role of the haploid nucleus in a sperm and egg cell
It contains the genetic material for fertilisation
What is the role of the cytoplasm in an egg cell
It contains nutrients for the growth of the early embryo
What is the role of the cell membrane in an egg cell
It changes after fertilisation by a sperm cell so that no more sperm can enter.
What type of cells are bacteria
Prokaryotic
Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus or structures surrounded by membranes
How is chromos
