All Biology terms you need to know Flashcards
BIOLOGY
What is cytoplasm
A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where most chemical reactions happen
What is the nucleus
Contains genetic material, including DNA, which control the cell’s activities.
What is the role of the cell membrane
It is permeable to some substances but not to others and so controls the movements of substances in and out of the cell
What do mitochondria do
Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration
What do ribosomes do
Tiny structure where protein synthesis occurs
Chloroplast in a plant cell
Organelle that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis
Cell wall in a plant cell
Plant and bacterial cell walls provide structure and protection. Only plant cell walls are made from cellulose
Permanent vacuole in a plant cell
It is filled the cell with sap to help keep the cell swollen
Acrosome role in sperm
An acrosome contains enzymes that break down substances in the egg jelly’s coat which allow the sperm cell to burrow inside
What does the mid-piece contain
It contains mitochondria,wrapped in a spiral, which releases a lot of energy to power the tail.
What does the tail do
It enables the sperm cell to swim
What does the haploid nucleus contain
It contains genetic material for fertilisation
Role of cytoplasm in an egg cell
It contains the nutrients for the growth of an early embryo
Role of haploid nucleus in egg cell
Contains genetic material for fertilisation
what happens to the cell membrane in an egg cell
It changes after fertilisation so no more sperm cells can enter
Role of chromosomal DNA in bacteria
The DNA of bacterial cell is found loose in the cytoplasm. It is not contained within a nucleus
Role of plasmid DNA in bacteria
Plasmid DNA can move from one bacterium to the other giving variation
Flagella(um) role
Rotate to move the bacterium
Cell wall
Plant and bacterial cell walls provide structure and protection. Only plant cells are made from cellulose
Diffusion definiton
Movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration until equilibrium has been reached
Osmosis definiton
Net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a dilute to a concentrated solution or an area with High water Potential to an area of low water potential
Active transport
Moves molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration. This requires energy in the form of ATP. Plants use active transport to move ions into the cell from the soil.
