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B1 IP Protocols Flashcards

1
Q

OSI Model

A 
1 Physical
2 Data Link
3 Network
4 Transport
5 Session
6 Presentation
7 Application
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2
Q

Layer 1 OSI Model

A

Physical - Physical structure. Hubs, repeaters, Cables,

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3
Q

Layer 2 OSI

A

Data Link - Frames (Envelopes) contain MAC address, NIc - Switch - NIC end to end) , Ethernet, WAN, Wifi,

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4
Q

Layer 3 OSI

A

Network - Packets (letter containing IP address) - Logical to physical address mapping Ipv4, IPv6, ICMP, AppleTalk

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5
Q

Layer 4 OSI

A

Transport - host to host (logical ports), TCP, UDP,

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6
Q

Layer 5 OSI

A

Session - Sync and send to ports (interhost communication) - session establishment , security, logging - TLS/SSL, NetBIOS, SOCKS

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7
Q

Layer 6 OSI

A

Presentation - syntax and encrypt and decrypt , data conversion. SSL, WEP, WPA, Kerberos

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8
Q

Layer 7 OSI

A

Application - end user layer. DHCP, DNS, FTP, HTTP, POP3, SMTP, SNMP, SSH, TELNET

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9
Q

Layer 1 TCP IP

A

Network Access or Link Layer = OSI 1 &2, Maps IP to physical address, plus forms frame and sends over network

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10
Q

Layer 2 TCP IP

A

Internet - = L3 OSI (Network). logical transmission of data using IP, ARP or ICMP

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11
Q

Layer 3 TCP IP

A

Host 2 Host / Transport. Is same as L4 OSI (Transport). Two protocols are TCP or UDP.

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12
Q

Layer 4 TCP IP

A

Application. = L5-L7 OSI. HTTP, FTP etc

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13
Q

IP v4 description

A

An IPv4 address is split into four sections, each with a number from 0-255, separated by a dot, with
sections identifying the network ID and the host ID. How many bits are used for the network portion will
vary from network to network. 4 billion possible addresses. 32 bit - 8 bits per section (octet).

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14
Q

Subnet basics

A

A subnet mask is a 32 bit number for IPv4, or a 128 bit number for IPv6, that divides the IP address into
network and host addresses.

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15
Q

Subnet mask

A

A Subnet Mask is made by setting network bits to all “1”s and setting host bits to all “0”s.

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16
Q

Subnet example

A

For example take a network 214.129.7.0/24. The 24 in the CIDR notation tells you the network mask is 24
bits long, and so it is. 255.255.255.0 where each 255 is all 8 bits of the octet set to binary 1. The broadcast
address for this network would be 214.129.7.255

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17
Q

Class A Public IP

A

0.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255

18
Q

Class A Private IP

A

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

19
Q

Loopback

A

127.0.0.1 but also 127.0.0.0/8 so up to 127.255.255.255

20
Q

Class B Public IP

A

128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

21
Q

Class B Private IP

A

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

22
Q

Class C Public IP

A

192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

23
Q

Class C Private IP

A

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 - Lots of domestic networks

24
Q

Class D Public IP

A

224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

25
Q

Class E Public IP

A

240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

26
Q

IPv6

A

An IPv6 address is split into eight sections, each separated by a colon, as shown in the slide. Each section consists 16 bits, written as four hexadecimal digits. To make them shorter to write down, multiple sections which are all 0 can be replaced by a double colon :: as you can see in the example, but this can only
happen with one run of 0000’s. If an IPv6 address contains more than one sequence of repeating 0000’s,
only one of them can be replaced by the :: sequence

27
Q

Categories of Ipv6 address

A

UNicast
Multicast
Anycast

28
Q

5 types of network addressing

A

Unicast - 1 to 1
Broadcast 1 to all
Multicast one to many or many to many
Geocast -special form of multicast based on physical location
Anycast - one to one of many (ie which is nearest receiver in the group that the message needs to go to)

29
Q

3 uses of ICMP

A

error reporting and diagnosis
help solve nwtwork problems
denial of service attack

30
Q

3 way handshake to establish TCP session

A

SYN(chronise)
SYN/ACK(nowledge)
ACK

31
Q

3 features of TCP (Transmission Control protocol)

A

Data divided into packets
Checksums ensure data is not corrupted
Sequence numbers detect loss and rebuild data in correct order

32
Q

Features of UDP (User Datagram protocol)

A 
Faster transmission that TCP
No error detection
No sequencing or tracking
No guarentee that packet will arrive
used for online gaming, media streaming and VoIP
33
Q

4 stages of DHCP

A 
DORA
Discovery
Offer
Request
Acknowledgement
34
Q

Configurations provided by DHCP server

A

IP (usually dynamic)
subnet mask
default gateway
name servers

35
Q

FTP ports

A

20 data

21 control

36
Q

Reason FTP is not used much

A

sends all data including user password in the clear

37
Q

Secure versions of FTP

A

FTPS (uses SSL/TLS)

SFTP (uses SSH)

38
Q

Server Message Block (SMB)

A

Share files and folders

Uses port 445 TCP and UDP

39
Q

Implementations of SMB on different OS

A

CIFS - Windows

Samba - Linux

40
Q

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) purpose

A

Protocol to monitor, audit and manage devices connected to a network.

41
Q

SNMP ports

A

UDP 161

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