B1 - Genes and Chromosomes Flashcards
Give two types of proteins and give an example of each type
Type of protein Example
Structural Collagen
Hormone Insulin
Carrier molecule Haemoglobin
Enzyme Amylase
What are genes and where are they found?
Genes are the characteristics inherited by children from parents and they are found in the chromosome
Give examples of characteristics controlled by gene, by environment and by both
Genes - height, foot size, head span, ability to roll your tongue
Environmental - having a tan, language, religion
Both - intelligence, health, sporting ability, body mass
How is eye colour determined? Why is this different to ear lobe shape?
Ear lobe shape is either one or the other (attached or unattached) whereas there is a variety of genes which code for eye colour
How many chromosomes does the human body cell contain? And why are they in pairs?
23 pairs (46 individually) and they are in pairs because one is inherited from the mother and the other is inherited from the father
How are sex cells different to body cells?
Sex cells only have half the chromosomes of a normal cell (23 chromosomes). That way the to sex cells can join to form a new organism.
Why do brothers and sister look like their parents? Why do they look different from eachother?
They have inherited there parents genes and therefore share some of the same dominant traits. However there are so many varieties in the parents genotype and therefore it’s virtually impossible to have the same complete physical appearance.
