B1 - Alleles Flashcards

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0
Q

What does it mean to be heterozygous for a gene?

A

Having two alleles that are different, the dominant one is the one expressed.

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1
Q

What is an alleles and why do we have 2?

A

Alleles are different versions of the same gene. One is inherited from each parent.

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2
Q

What do we call it when we have 2 copies of the same alleles?

A

Homozygous

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3
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

The dominant alleles is alway expressed if it is heterozygous - recessive cannot be expressed. Huntingtons disorder is caused by a dominant allele. There is a 50% chance that a child will inherit the disorder if one parent is a carrier

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4
Q

What is a recessive allele? Give an example.

A

Recessive alleles are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disorder and people with only one allele will not have the disorder - instead they would be a carrier. Both parents have to be carriers or sufferers for the child to inherit the disorder

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5
Q

What are the male and female sex chromosomes?

A

Female - XX

Male - XY

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6
Q

What happens if you have a Y chromosome?

A

You are genetically male

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7
Q

What happens if you do not have a Y chromosome?

A

You are genetically female

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8
Q

What does genotype refer to?

A

the genetic constitution (make up)of an individual organism

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9
Q

What does phenotype mean?

A

The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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