B1 Cell Structure And Transport Flashcards
Whats active transport
the movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration
Whats algae
simple aquatic organisms (protista) that make their own food by photosynthesis
Whats alveoli
tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase the surface area for gaseous exchange
Whats bacteria
single-celled prokaryotic organisms
Whats a cell membrane
the membrane around the contents of a cell that controls what moves in and out of the cell
Whats a cell wall
the rigid structure around plant and algal cells. It is made of cellulose and strengthens the cell
Whats a cellulose
the complex carbohydrate that makes up plant and algal cell walls and gives them strength
Whats chlorophyll
the green pigment contained in the chloroplasts
What are chloroplasts
the organelles in which photosynthesis takes place
Whats cytoplasm
the water-based gel in which the organelles of all living cells are suspended and most of the chemical reactions of life take place
Whats diffusion
the spreading out of the particles of any substance in a solution, or particles in a gas, resulting in a net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient
What are eukaryotic cells
cells from eukaryotes that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
Whats hypertonic (osmosis)
a solution that is more concentrated than the cell contents
Whats hypotonic (osmosis)
a solution that is less concentrated than the cell contents
Whats isotonic (osmosis)
a solution that is the same concentration as the cell contents
What is mitochondria
the site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell
What is the nucleus
organelle found in many living cells containing the genetic information surrounded by the nuclear membrane
Whats osmosis
the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution (which has a high concentration of water) to a concentrated solution (with a low concentration of water|) down a concentration gradient
Whats a partially permeable membrane
a membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through
What is a permanent vacuole
space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap
Whats phloem
the living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant
What is plasmolysis
the state of plant cells when so much water is lost from the cell by osmosis that the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall
What are prokaryotic cells
from prokaryotic organisms have a cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, and a cell wall that does not contain cellulose. The genetic material is a DNA loop that is free in the cytoplasm and not enclosed by a nucleus. Sometimes there are one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
Whats resolving power
a measure of the ability to distinguish between two separate points that are very close together
What are ribosomes
the site of protein synthesis in a cell
What is sperm
the male sex cells or gametes that carry the genetic material from the male parent
What is teh stomata
openings in the leaves of plants, particularly on the underside and opened and closed by guard cells, allowing gases to enter and leave the leaf
What is a tugor
the pressure inside a plant cell exerted by the cell contents pressing on the cell wall
What is ventilated
movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ, for example lungs or gills
What is xylem
the non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the leaves and shoots
