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Biology > B1 Cell Structure And Transport > Flashcards

B1 Cell Structure And Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

Whats active transport

A

the movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration

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2
Q

Whats algae

A

simple aquatic organisms (protista) that make their own food by photosynthesis

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3
Q

Whats alveoli

A

tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase the surface area for gaseous exchange

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4
Q

Whats bacteria

A

single-celled prokaryotic organisms

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5
Q

Whats a cell membrane

A

the membrane around the contents of a cell that controls what moves in and out of the cell

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6
Q

Whats a cell wall

A

the rigid structure around plant and algal cells. It is made of cellulose and strengthens the cell

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7
Q

Whats a cellulose

A

the complex carbohydrate that makes up plant and algal cell walls and gives them strength

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8
Q

Whats chlorophyll

A

the green pigment contained in the chloroplasts

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9
Q

What are chloroplasts

A

the organelles in which photosynthesis takes place

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10
Q

Whats cytoplasm

A

the water-based gel in which the organelles of all living cells are suspended and most of the chemical reactions of life take place

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11
Q

Whats diffusion

A

the spreading out of the particles of any substance in a solution, or particles in a gas, resulting in a net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient

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12
Q

What are eukaryotic cells

A

cells from eukaryotes that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

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13
Q

Whats hypertonic (osmosis)

A

a solution that is more concentrated than the cell contents

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14
Q

Whats hypotonic (osmosis)

A

a solution that is less concentrated than the cell contents

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15
Q

Whats isotonic (osmosis)

A

a solution that is the same concentration as the cell contents

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16
Q

What is mitochondria

A

the site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell

17
Q

What is the nucleus

A

organelle found in many living cells containing the genetic information surrounded by the nuclear membrane

18
Q

Whats osmosis

A

the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution (which has a high concentration of water) to a concentrated solution (with a low concentration of water|) down a concentration gradient

19
Q

Whats a partially permeable membrane

A

a membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through

20
Q

What is a permanent vacuole

A

space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap

21
Q

Whats phloem

A

the living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant

22
Q

What is plasmolysis

A

the state of plant cells when so much water is lost from the cell by osmosis that the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall

23
Q

What are prokaryotic cells

A

from prokaryotic organisms have a cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, and a cell wall that does not contain cellulose. The genetic material is a DNA loop that is free in the cytoplasm and not enclosed by a nucleus. Sometimes there are one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids

24
Q

Whats resolving power

A

a measure of the ability to distinguish between two separate points that are very close together

25
Q

What are ribosomes

A

the site of protein synthesis in a cell

26
Q

What is sperm

A

the male sex cells or gametes that carry the genetic material from the male parent

27
Q

What is teh stomata

A

openings in the leaves of plants, particularly on the underside and opened and closed by guard cells, allowing gases to enter and leave the leaf

28
Q

What is a tugor

A

the pressure inside a plant cell exerted by the cell contents pressing on the cell wall

29
Q

What is ventilated

A

movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ, for example lungs or gills

30
Q

What is xylem

A

the non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the leaves and shoots

Biology (8 decks)

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