B1 Cell Structure and Transport Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

parts of a microscope?

A

Eye piece, Objective lens, stage, slide, coarse focus, fine focus, light

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2
Q

calculate magnification?

A

eye piece lens x objective lense

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3
Q

calculate actual size of an object?

A

size = image size / magnification

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4
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

controls activity in cell, surrounded by nuclear membrane. contains genes on the chromosome that makes protein for new cells

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5
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

liquid gel where organelles are suspended, most chemical reactions take place here

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6
Q

what is cell membrane ?

A

controls passage of substances in and out of cell.

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7
Q

what is mitochondria?

A

in cytoplasm, aerobic respiration takes place releasing energy,

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8
Q

what is a ribosome?

A

protein synthesis takes place

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9
Q

what are chloroplast?

A

green because they contain chlorophyll, absorbs light fro photosynthesis, root cells dont have them

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10
Q

what is a permanent vacuole?

A

space in cytoplasm filled with sap,keeps cell rigid and supports structure.

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11
Q

what are eukaryotic cells?

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material enclosed in nucleus

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12
Q

What are prokaryotic cells ?

A

single celled organisms, cytoplasm, cell membrane surrounded by cell wall, plasmid. eg bacteria

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13
Q

how are nerve cells specialized?

A

lots of dentrites, axons, synapes

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14
Q

sperm cells?

A

acrosomes, nucleus, middle section , tail

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15
Q

root hair cell adaptions?

A

large surface area, big permanent vacuoles that speed up osmosis from soil to root,mitochondria for active transport

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16
Q

xylem cell adaptations ?

A

transport tissue in plants (food and water) lignin

17
Q

phloem cell adaptations?

A

transport tissue that moves food made by photosynthesis,but phloem does not die

18
Q

Diffusion?

A

net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

19
Q

rate of diffusion

A

concentration difference, higher temperature = fast

20
Q

Osmosis?

A

movement of particles through a partially permeable through a concentration gradient.

21
Q

isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic?

A

same, concentration outside cell is higher, concentration of cell outside is lower.

22
Q

whats turgor?

A

pressure built by vacuole being full

23
Q

whys osmosis important in cells?

A

to keep the cell turgor

24
Q

Active transport?

A

movement of substances from dilute to concentrated solution against gradient. uses energy from food in respiration

25
how does active transport affect plants?
allows root hair cells to absorb mineral ions from dilute solutions in soil
26
how does active transport affect the human body?
lets sugar molecules for cell respiration to be absorbed in the gut into the blood
27
chromosomes are found in ___
pairs
28
whats the cell cycle?
series of stages on how cells divide
29
what happens in the cell cycle? (mitosis)
growth, double dna, increase number of sub cellular organelle, cytoplasm and cell membrane split.
30
why is mitosis important?
used for growth, repair and development
31
where does mitosis/differentiation take place in plants?
this runs throught there life in the meristem - found in roots, shoots (stem cells made here)