B1 Cell Structure and Transport

Question 1

parts of a microscope?

Answer 1

Eye piece, Objective lens, stage, slide, coarse focus, fine focus, light

Question 2

calculate magnification?

Answer 2

eye piece lens x objective lense

Question 3

calculate actual size of an object?

Answer 3

size = image size / magnification

Question 4

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 4

controls activity in cell, surrounded by nuclear membrane. contains genes on the chromosome that makes protein for new cells

Question 5

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 5

liquid gel where organelles are suspended, most chemical reactions take place here

Question 6

what is cell membrane ?

Answer 6

controls passage of substances in and out of cell.

Question 7

what is mitochondria?

Answer 7

in cytoplasm, aerobic respiration takes place releasing energy,

Question 8

what is a ribosome?

Answer 8

protein synthesis takes place

Question 9

what are chloroplast?

Answer 9

green because they contain chlorophyll, absorbs light fro photosynthesis, root cells dont have them

Question 10

what is a permanent vacuole?

Answer 10

space in cytoplasm filled with sap,keeps cell rigid and supports structure.

Question 11

what are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 11

cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material enclosed in nucleus

Question 12

What are prokaryotic cells ?

Answer 12

single celled organisms, cytoplasm, cell membrane surrounded by cell wall, plasmid. eg bacteria

Question 13

how are nerve cells specialized?

Answer 13

lots of dentrites, axons, synapes

Question 14

sperm cells?

Answer 14

acrosomes, nucleus, middle section , tail

Question 15

root hair cell adaptions?

Answer 15

large surface area, big permanent vacuoles that speed up osmosis from soil to root,mitochondria for active transport

Question 16

xylem cell adaptations ?

Answer 16

transport tissue in plants (food and water) lignin

Question 17

phloem cell adaptations?

Answer 17

transport tissue that moves food made by photosynthesis,but phloem does not die

Question 18

Diffusion?

Answer 18

net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 19

rate of diffusion

Answer 19

concentration difference, higher temperature = fast

Question 20

Osmosis?

Answer 20

movement of particles through a partially permeable through a concentration gradient.

Question 21

isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic?

Answer 21

same, concentration outside cell is higher, concentration of cell outside is lower.

Question 22

whats turgor?

Answer 22

pressure built by vacuole being full

Question 23

whys osmosis important in cells?

Answer 23

to keep the cell turgor

Question 24

Active transport?

Answer 24

movement of substances from dilute to concentrated solution against gradient. uses energy from food in respiration

Question 25

how does active transport affect plants?

Answer 25

allows root hair cells to absorb mineral ions from dilute solutions in soil

Question 26

how does active transport affect the human body?

Answer 26

lets sugar molecules for cell respiration to be absorbed in the gut into the blood

Question 27

chromosomes are found in ___

Answer 27

pairs

Question 28

whats the cell cycle?

Answer 28

series of stages on how cells divide

Question 29

what happens in the cell cycle? (mitosis)

Answer 29

growth, double dna, increase number of sub cellular organelle, cytoplasm and cell membrane split.

Question 30

why is mitosis important?

Answer 30

used for growth, repair and development

Question 31

where does mitosis/differentiation take place in plants?

Answer 31

this runs throught there life in the meristem - found in roots, shoots (stem cells made here)