B1 Cell Structure and Transport Flashcards
parts of a microscope?
Eye piece, Objective lens, stage, slide, coarse focus, fine focus, light
calculate magnification?
eye piece lens x objective lense
calculate actual size of an object?
size = image size / magnification
What does the nucleus do?
controls activity in cell, surrounded by nuclear membrane. contains genes on the chromosome that makes protein for new cells
What is cytoplasm?
liquid gel where organelles are suspended, most chemical reactions take place here
what is cell membrane ?
controls passage of substances in and out of cell.
what is mitochondria?
in cytoplasm, aerobic respiration takes place releasing energy,
what is a ribosome?
protein synthesis takes place
what are chloroplast?
green because they contain chlorophyll, absorbs light fro photosynthesis, root cells dont have them
what is a permanent vacuole?
space in cytoplasm filled with sap,keeps cell rigid and supports structure.
what are eukaryotic cells?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material enclosed in nucleus
What are prokaryotic cells ?
single celled organisms, cytoplasm, cell membrane surrounded by cell wall, plasmid. eg bacteria
how are nerve cells specialized?
lots of dentrites, axons, synapes
sperm cells?
acrosomes, nucleus, middle section , tail
root hair cell adaptions?
large surface area, big permanent vacuoles that speed up osmosis from soil to root,mitochondria for active transport
xylem cell adaptations ?
transport tissue in plants (food and water) lignin
phloem cell adaptations?
transport tissue that moves food made by photosynthesis,but phloem does not die
Diffusion?
net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
rate of diffusion
concentration difference, higher temperature = fast
Osmosis?
movement of particles through a partially permeable through a concentration gradient.
isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic?
same, concentration outside cell is higher, concentration of cell outside is lower.
whats turgor?
pressure built by vacuole being full
whys osmosis important in cells?
to keep the cell turgor
Active transport?
movement of substances from dilute to concentrated solution against gradient. uses energy from food in respiration
how does active transport affect plants?
allows root hair cells to absorb mineral ions from dilute solutions in soil
how does active transport affect the human body?
lets sugar molecules for cell respiration to be absorbed in the gut into the blood
chromosomes are found in ___
pairs
whats the cell cycle?
series of stages on how cells divide
what happens in the cell cycle? (mitosis)
growth, double dna, increase number of sub cellular organelle, cytoplasm and cell membrane split.
why is mitosis important?
used for growth, repair and development
where does mitosis/differentiation take place in plants?
this runs throught there life in the meristem - found in roots, shoots (stem cells made here)
