B1 cell structure and transport

Question 1

What’s a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

Cells which have a nucleus

Question 2

Subcelular structures found in a animal cell

Answer 2

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosome

Question 3

Subcelular structures in a plant cell

Answer 3

Nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplast, ribosomes, vacuole, mitochondria

Question 4

Function of a nucleus

Answer 4

Controls all cell activity and contains DNA

Question 5

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 5

Where most chemical reactions take place

Question 6

Function of mitochondria

Answer 6

Where respiration takes place and releases energy for cell to use (powerhouse)

Question 7

Function of the cell membrane

Answer 7

Controls movement of substances in and out of a cell

Question 8

Function of ribosomes

Answer 8

Where protein synthesis takes place

Question 9

Function of cell wall

Answer 9

Supports the cell and is made from cellulose

Question 10

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 10

Where photosynthesis takes place as has chlorophyll to trap the sunlight in

Question 11

Function of vacuole

Answer 11

Filled with cell sap and keeps cell turgid (swollen and ridgid) to support plant

Question 12

What’s a prokaryotic cell

Answer 12

There smaller and don’t have a nucleus there DNA is a free single loop

Question 13

Subcelular structures in a bacteria cell

Answer 13

Plasmids, cell wall, cell membrane, genetic material, cytoplasm, slime capsule, flagella

Question 14

Function of plasmids

Answer 14

Small rings of bacterial DNA

Question 15

Function of Flagella

Answer 15

Tail like protein stand which allows bacteria cell to move

Question 16

Equation for magnification

Answer 16

Magnification = image size / object size

Question 17

What’s resolution

Answer 17

Ability to distinguish between 2 separate points, the higher the resolution the finer detail you are able to see.

Question 18

The 3 ways of transport in and out of a cell

Answer 18

Diffusion, osmosis, active transport

Question 19

What’s diffusion

Answer 19

Net movement of particles from a high to low concentration down a concentration gradient

Question 20

Factors which effect diffusion

Answer 20

Temp, surface area, difference in concentration

Question 21

What’s osmosis

Answer 21

Diffusion of water from a dilute to concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane

Question 22

What happens if a plant cell in placed in a concentrated solution

Answer 22

H2O will leave the cell causing the cytoplasm to shrink from the cell wall making the cell hypertonic

Question 23

What happens if a plant cell in placed in a dilute solution

Answer 23

H2O will enter the cell keeping it turgid making it hypotonic

Question 24

What’s active transport

Answer 24

Movement of substances from low to high concentration against the concentration gradient which requires energy from respiration

Question 25

What is differentiation

Answer 25

Process where cells change to carry out specific functions they are then called specialised cells

Question 26

Duration of cell differentiation

Answer 26

Animal cells can on differentiate in the early stages and later on cell division is restricted to repairing and replacing cells. Plant cells retain the ability to differentiate through life of plant

Question 27

Subcelular structures of a nerve cell

Answer 27

Nucleus, axon, nerve endings, dendrites

Question 28

Subcelular structures of a sperm cell

Answer 28

Tail, midpiece with mitochondria, acrosome, haploid nucleus

Question 29

Subcelular structures of a Phloem tube

Answer 29

Sieve plates, companion cells

Question 30

Use of acrosome for the sperm

Answer 30

Contains enzymes that help penetrate the egg

Question 31

Use of haploid nucleus in a sperm cell

Answer 31

Haploid = half so contains half the DNA needed to make an embryo

Question 32

How does having cells fused together in the muscle cell help

Answer 32

It forms muscle fibres that contract together to create a strong pulling force

Question 33

The use of sieve plates in the phloem

Answer 33

Have holes which allow movement of dissolved sugar to be transported around the plant

Question 34

The use of companion cells for the phloem

Answer 34

Phloem cells don’t have many internal structures so need support from other cells to keep them alive

Question 35

Why do xylem vessels have dead cells fused together forming a hollow tube

Answer 35

It creates a single uninterrupted tube allowing water and minerals up the plant

Question 36

Why do xylem vessels have thick walls with spirals of lignin

Answer 36

Lignin makes the walls woody therefore strong allowing the tube to hold the water pressure

Question 37

Why do root hair cells have a large vacuole

Answer 37

It increases the rate of osmosis

Question 38

How to prepare a stained slide of onion cells

Answer 38

Use a pipette to put a drop of water or iodine onto slide as a stain and to hydrate the cell. Peel a translucent layer of the onions eperdermal tissue and onto the slide. Place a cover slip on top trying to reducing air bubbles.

Question 39

How to view your slide under the microscope

Answer 39

Place slide on stage and clip in. Turn on the light of the microscope. Looking through the eye piece on a low power objective lens use a combination of the course and fine adjustment knob until the image is in focus. You can use a higher power objective lens if magnification isn’t strong enough. Draw what you see labelling the diagram including a title and magnification.

Question 40

How to prepare a stained slide of cheek cells

Answer 40

Use a pipette to put a drop of water onto a slide. Swab the inside of your mouth with a sterile cotton bud and rub it into the water on the slide to transfer the cells. Place a drop of methylene blue stain onto the cells and place a cover slip to seal trying to reduce air bubbles.

Question 41

How to investigate the effect of a range of concentrations of salt and sugar on the mass of plant tissue

Answer 41

Cut five potato cylinders of the same diameter and length with no skin and blot with tissue before measuring the mass of each one. Place each chip into a different boiling tube and concentration of salt for 1 hour. Remove and blot with tissue and measure mass again. Calculate % change in mass = mass at end -start/mass at start x10

Question 42

What’s a control variable

Answer 42

Variable which is always kept the same during an experiment

Question 43

Whats a dependent variable

Answer 43

The variable being tested or measured during experiment

Question 44

What’s a independent variable

Answer 44

The variable which is changed during an experiment