B1 - Cell Structure And Transport

Question 1

Formula of magnification?

Answer 1

Size of image/size of real object

Question 2

What is the role of the Nucleus?

Answer 2

Contains the genetic information of the cell (chromosomes and DNA)

Question 3

What is the role of Cytoplasm?

Answer 3

A solvent in which chemical reactions take place

Question 4

Role of cell membrane?

Answer 4

It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 5

Role of mitochondria?

Answer 5

The place where aerobic respiration occurs, producing energy needed for the cell to survive and function and contains enzymes for cellular respiration.

Question 6

Role of ribosomes?

Answer 6

Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.

Question 7

Role of cell wall?

Answer 7

To provide the cell with structure and to protect all things within it.

Question 8

Role of chlorophyll?

Answer 8

Enables photosynthesis to take place

Question 9

Permanent vacuole role in the cell?

Answer 9

A permanent vacuole is a fluid-filled sac that stores water.

Question 10

What are the components of an animal cell?

Answer 10

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 11

What are the components of a plant cell?

Answer 11

Nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, chlorophyll, permanent vacuole

Question 12

Two types of microscopes

Answer 12

Electron and Light microscopes

Question 13

What are cells of bacteria called?

Answer 13

Prokaryotic cells

Question 14

What are some examples of Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Animal, plant and fungi cells

Question 15

Diffusion

Answer 15

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 16

What sorts of substances move in and out of cells?

Answer 16

Includes simple sugars, such as glucose, gases such as oxygen, and waste products such as urea.

Question 17

What is the effect of temperature on diffusion?

Answer 17

The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of diffusion.

Question 18

Why is diffusion important for living organisms?

Answer 18

Because cells need to take in substances for respiration, and they also need to get rid of waste products/chemicals that are needed elsewhere for the body. The main way that they move is diffusion.

Question 19

The effect of surface area on diffusion.

Answer 19

The larger the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 20

What is the effect of the concentration gradient on diffusion?

Answer 20

The greater the concentration gradient, the greater the rate of diffusion.

Question 21

What is Osmosis?

Answer 21

The diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution (high concentration of water) to a more concentrated solution (low concentration of water) across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 22

Isotonic definition

Answer 22

An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as the cell. In this case, there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, and the cell will maintain its normal shape and size.

Question 23

Hypotonic definition

Answer 23

Those in which the concentration of solutes is lower than that inside the cell. Water molecules move into the cell in hypotonic solutions, causing the cell to swell

Question 24

Hypertonic definition

Answer 24

Hypertonic solutions are those in which the concentration of solutes is higher than that inside the cell. Water molecules move out of the cell in hypertonic solutions, causing the cell to shrink.

Question 25

What happens if you place animal cells in a dilute solution?

Answer 25

They will take in water, therefore causing them to burst. This is called lysis, and the cells are now said to be lysed.

Question 26

What happens if you place animal cells in a concentrated solution?

Answer 26

The animal cell will lose water, therefore causing them to shrivel. This is called crenation, and the cells are now said to be crenated.

Question 27

What happens when you place a plant cell in a dilute solution?

Answer 27

The water will move into the cell, this causes the vacuole to swell. This causes high turgor pressure, and the cells are said to be turgid. As a result the plant will be rigid.

Question 28

What happens when you place a plant cell in a concentrated solution?

Answer 28

The water will move out the cell, this causes the cell to shrivel. This causes low turgor pressure, and makes the cells flaccid. As a result, the plant will wilt.

Question 29

Definition of turgor pressure

Answer 29

The force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

Question 30

Active transport

Answer 30

When cells need to move substances against the concentration gradient.

Question 31

What is the opposite of diffusion?

Answer 31

Active transport

Question 32

How much do light microscopes magnify?

Answer 32

1000 times

Question 33

How much do electron microscopes magnify up to?

Answer 33

Up to 1 million times

Question 34

Formula for surface area

Answer 34

Surface area of one face X total number of faces